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Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022

Coxsackievirus (CV)-A6 infections cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and adults. Despite the serious public health threat presented by CV-A6 infections, our understanding of the mechanisms by which new CV-A6 strains emerge remains limited. This study investigated the molecular ep...

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Autores principales: Puenpa, Jiratchaya, Saengdao, Nutsada, Khanarat, Nongkanok, Korkong, Sumeth, Chansaenroj, Jira, Yorsaeng, Ritthideach, Wanlapakorn, Nasamon, Poovorawan, Yong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9863931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36680113
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010073
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author Puenpa, Jiratchaya
Saengdao, Nutsada
Khanarat, Nongkanok
Korkong, Sumeth
Chansaenroj, Jira
Yorsaeng, Ritthideach
Wanlapakorn, Nasamon
Poovorawan, Yong
author_facet Puenpa, Jiratchaya
Saengdao, Nutsada
Khanarat, Nongkanok
Korkong, Sumeth
Chansaenroj, Jira
Yorsaeng, Ritthideach
Wanlapakorn, Nasamon
Poovorawan, Yong
author_sort Puenpa, Jiratchaya
collection PubMed
description Coxsackievirus (CV)-A6 infections cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and adults. Despite the serious public health threat presented by CV-A6 infections, our understanding of the mechanisms by which new CV-A6 strains emerge remains limited. This study investigated the molecular epidemiological trends, evolutionary dynamics, and recombination characteristics of CV-A6-associated HFMD in Thailand between 2019 and 2022. In the HFMD patient samples collected during the 4-year study period, we identified enterovirus (EV) RNA in 368 samples (48.7%), of which CV-A6 (23.7%) was the predominant genotype, followed by CV-A4 (6%), EV-A71 (3.7%), and CV-A16 (3.4%). According to the partial viral protein (VP) 1 sequences, all these CV-A6 strains belonged to the D3 clade. Based on the viral-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, four recombinant forms (RFs), RF-A (147, 84.5%), RF-N (11, 6.3%), RF-H (1, 0.6%), and newly RF-Y (15, 8.6%), were identified throughout the study period. Results from the similarity plot and bootscan analyses revealed that the 3D polymerase (3Dpol) region of the D3/RF-Y subclade consists of sequences highly similar to CV-A10. We envisage that the epidemiological and evolutionarily insights presented in this manuscript will contribute to the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of CV-A6 infection.
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spelling pubmed-98639312023-01-22 Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022 Puenpa, Jiratchaya Saengdao, Nutsada Khanarat, Nongkanok Korkong, Sumeth Chansaenroj, Jira Yorsaeng, Ritthideach Wanlapakorn, Nasamon Poovorawan, Yong Viruses Article Coxsackievirus (CV)-A6 infections cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and adults. Despite the serious public health threat presented by CV-A6 infections, our understanding of the mechanisms by which new CV-A6 strains emerge remains limited. This study investigated the molecular epidemiological trends, evolutionary dynamics, and recombination characteristics of CV-A6-associated HFMD in Thailand between 2019 and 2022. In the HFMD patient samples collected during the 4-year study period, we identified enterovirus (EV) RNA in 368 samples (48.7%), of which CV-A6 (23.7%) was the predominant genotype, followed by CV-A4 (6%), EV-A71 (3.7%), and CV-A16 (3.4%). According to the partial viral protein (VP) 1 sequences, all these CV-A6 strains belonged to the D3 clade. Based on the viral-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, four recombinant forms (RFs), RF-A (147, 84.5%), RF-N (11, 6.3%), RF-H (1, 0.6%), and newly RF-Y (15, 8.6%), were identified throughout the study period. Results from the similarity plot and bootscan analyses revealed that the 3D polymerase (3Dpol) region of the D3/RF-Y subclade consists of sequences highly similar to CV-A10. We envisage that the epidemiological and evolutionarily insights presented in this manuscript will contribute to the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of CV-A6 infection. MDPI 2022-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9863931/ /pubmed/36680113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010073 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Puenpa, Jiratchaya
Saengdao, Nutsada
Khanarat, Nongkanok
Korkong, Sumeth
Chansaenroj, Jira
Yorsaeng, Ritthideach
Wanlapakorn, Nasamon
Poovorawan, Yong
Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022
title Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022
title_full Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022
title_fullStr Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022
title_full_unstemmed Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022
title_short Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022
title_sort evolutionary and genetic recombination analyses of coxsackievirus a6 variants associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks in thailand between 2019 and 2022
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9863931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36680113
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010073
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