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The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study

In human walking, power for propulsion is generated primarily via ankle and hip muscles. The addition of a ‘passive’ hip spring to simple bipedal models appears more efficient than using only push-off impulse, at least, when hip spring associated energetic costs are not considered. Hip flexion and r...

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Autores principales: Jin, Jian, Kistemaker, Dinant, van Dieën, Jaap H., Daffertshofer, Andreas, Bruijn, Sjoerd M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36691478
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14662
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author Jin, Jian
Kistemaker, Dinant
van Dieën, Jaap H.
Daffertshofer, Andreas
Bruijn, Sjoerd M.
author_facet Jin, Jian
Kistemaker, Dinant
van Dieën, Jaap H.
Daffertshofer, Andreas
Bruijn, Sjoerd M.
author_sort Jin, Jian
collection PubMed
description In human walking, power for propulsion is generated primarily via ankle and hip muscles. The addition of a ‘passive’ hip spring to simple bipedal models appears more efficient than using only push-off impulse, at least, when hip spring associated energetic costs are not considered. Hip flexion and retraction torques, however, are not ‘free’, as they are produced by muscles demanding metabolic energy. Studies evaluating the inclusion of hip actuation costs, especially during the swing phase, and the hip actuation’s energetic benefits are few and far between. It is also unknown whether these possible benefits/effects may depend on speed. We simulated a planar flat-feet model walking stably over a range of speeds. We asked whether the addition of independent hip flexion and retraction remains energetically beneficial when considering work-based metabolic cost of transport (MCOT) with different efficiencies of doing positive and negative work. We found asymmetric hip actuation can reduce the estimated MCOT relative to ankle actuation by up to 6%, but only at medium speeds. The corresponding optimal strategy is zero hip flexion and some hip retraction actuation. The reason for this reduced MCOT is that the decrease in collision loss is larger than the associated increase in hip negative work. This leads to a reduction in total positive mechanical work, which results in an overall lower MCOT. Our study shows how ankle actuation, hip flexion, and retraction actuation can be coordinated to reduce MCOT.
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spelling pubmed-98641902023-01-22 The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study Jin, Jian Kistemaker, Dinant van Dieën, Jaap H. Daffertshofer, Andreas Bruijn, Sjoerd M. PeerJ Bioengineering In human walking, power for propulsion is generated primarily via ankle and hip muscles. The addition of a ‘passive’ hip spring to simple bipedal models appears more efficient than using only push-off impulse, at least, when hip spring associated energetic costs are not considered. Hip flexion and retraction torques, however, are not ‘free’, as they are produced by muscles demanding metabolic energy. Studies evaluating the inclusion of hip actuation costs, especially during the swing phase, and the hip actuation’s energetic benefits are few and far between. It is also unknown whether these possible benefits/effects may depend on speed. We simulated a planar flat-feet model walking stably over a range of speeds. We asked whether the addition of independent hip flexion and retraction remains energetically beneficial when considering work-based metabolic cost of transport (MCOT) with different efficiencies of doing positive and negative work. We found asymmetric hip actuation can reduce the estimated MCOT relative to ankle actuation by up to 6%, but only at medium speeds. The corresponding optimal strategy is zero hip flexion and some hip retraction actuation. The reason for this reduced MCOT is that the decrease in collision loss is larger than the associated increase in hip negative work. This leads to a reduction in total positive mechanical work, which results in an overall lower MCOT. Our study shows how ankle actuation, hip flexion, and retraction actuation can be coordinated to reduce MCOT. PeerJ Inc. 2023-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9864190/ /pubmed/36691478 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14662 Text en © 2023 Jin et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Bioengineering
Jin, Jian
Kistemaker, Dinant
van Dieën, Jaap H.
Daffertshofer, Andreas
Bruijn, Sjoerd M.
The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
title The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
title_full The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
title_fullStr The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
title_full_unstemmed The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
title_short The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
title_sort energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
topic Bioengineering
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36691478
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14662
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