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Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO

Effective removal of heavy metals from water is critical for environmental safety and public health. This work presents a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) obtained simply by using gallic acid and sodium ascorbate, without any high thermal process or complex functionalization, for effective removal of he...

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Autores principales: Sarmiento, Viviana, Lockett, Malcolm, Sumbarda-Ramos, Emigdia Guadalupe, Vázquez-Mena, Oscar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864598/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020649
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author Sarmiento, Viviana
Lockett, Malcolm
Sumbarda-Ramos, Emigdia Guadalupe
Vázquez-Mena, Oscar
author_facet Sarmiento, Viviana
Lockett, Malcolm
Sumbarda-Ramos, Emigdia Guadalupe
Vázquez-Mena, Oscar
author_sort Sarmiento, Viviana
collection PubMed
description Effective removal of heavy metals from water is critical for environmental safety and public health. This work presents a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) obtained simply by using gallic acid and sodium ascorbate, without any high thermal process or complex functionalization, for effective removal of heavy metals. FTIR and Raman analysis show the effective conversion of graphene oxide (GO) into rGO and a large presence of defects in rGO. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms show a specific surface area of 83.5 m(2)/g. We also measure the zeta-potential of the material showing a value of −52 mV, which is lower compared to the −32 mV of GO. We use our rGO to test adsorption of several ion metals (Ag (I), Cu (II), Fe (II), Mn (II), and Pb(II)), and two organic contaminants, methylene blue and hydroquinone. In general, our rGO shows strong adsorption capacity of metals and methylene blue, with adsorption capacity of q(max) = 243.9 mg/g for Pb(II), which is higher than several previous reports on non-functionalized rGO. Our adsorption capacity is still lower compared to functionalized graphene oxide compounds, such as chitosan, but at the expense of more complex synthesis. To prove the effectiveness of our rGO, we show cleaning of waste water from a paper photography processing operation that contains large residual amounts of hydroquinone, sulfites, and AgBr. We achieve 100% contaminants removal for 20% contaminant concentration and 63% removal for 60% contaminant concentration. Our work shows that our simple synthesis of rGO can be a simple and low-cost route to clean residual waters, especially in disadvantaged communities with low economical resources and limited manufacturing infrastructure.
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spelling pubmed-98645982023-01-22 Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO Sarmiento, Viviana Lockett, Malcolm Sumbarda-Ramos, Emigdia Guadalupe Vázquez-Mena, Oscar Molecules Article Effective removal of heavy metals from water is critical for environmental safety and public health. This work presents a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) obtained simply by using gallic acid and sodium ascorbate, without any high thermal process or complex functionalization, for effective removal of heavy metals. FTIR and Raman analysis show the effective conversion of graphene oxide (GO) into rGO and a large presence of defects in rGO. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms show a specific surface area of 83.5 m(2)/g. We also measure the zeta-potential of the material showing a value of −52 mV, which is lower compared to the −32 mV of GO. We use our rGO to test adsorption of several ion metals (Ag (I), Cu (II), Fe (II), Mn (II), and Pb(II)), and two organic contaminants, methylene blue and hydroquinone. In general, our rGO shows strong adsorption capacity of metals and methylene blue, with adsorption capacity of q(max) = 243.9 mg/g for Pb(II), which is higher than several previous reports on non-functionalized rGO. Our adsorption capacity is still lower compared to functionalized graphene oxide compounds, such as chitosan, but at the expense of more complex synthesis. To prove the effectiveness of our rGO, we show cleaning of waste water from a paper photography processing operation that contains large residual amounts of hydroquinone, sulfites, and AgBr. We achieve 100% contaminants removal for 20% contaminant concentration and 63% removal for 60% contaminant concentration. Our work shows that our simple synthesis of rGO can be a simple and low-cost route to clean residual waters, especially in disadvantaged communities with low economical resources and limited manufacturing infrastructure. MDPI 2023-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9864598/ /pubmed/36677707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020649 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sarmiento, Viviana
Lockett, Malcolm
Sumbarda-Ramos, Emigdia Guadalupe
Vázquez-Mena, Oscar
Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO
title Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO
title_full Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO
title_fullStr Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO
title_full_unstemmed Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO
title_short Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO
title_sort effective removal of metal ion and organic compounds by non-functionalized rgo
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864598/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020649
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