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Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation

Anionic surfactants, such as sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (NaLAS), are utilized in various fields, including industry, household, and agriculture. The efficiency of their use in aqueous environments is significantly affected by the presence of cations, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in particular, as th...

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Autores principales: Ádám, Adél Anna, Ziegenheim, Szilveszter, Janovák, László, Szabados, Márton, Bús, Csaba, Kukovecz, Ákos, Kónya, Zoltán, Dékány, Imre, Sipos, Pál, Kutus, Bence
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864979/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36676235
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020494
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author Ádám, Adél Anna
Ziegenheim, Szilveszter
Janovák, László
Szabados, Márton
Bús, Csaba
Kukovecz, Ákos
Kónya, Zoltán
Dékány, Imre
Sipos, Pál
Kutus, Bence
author_facet Ádám, Adél Anna
Ziegenheim, Szilveszter
Janovák, László
Szabados, Márton
Bús, Csaba
Kukovecz, Ákos
Kónya, Zoltán
Dékány, Imre
Sipos, Pál
Kutus, Bence
author_sort Ádám, Adél Anna
collection PubMed
description Anionic surfactants, such as sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (NaLAS), are utilized in various fields, including industry, household, and agriculture. The efficiency of their use in aqueous environments is significantly affected by the presence of cations, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in particular, as they can decrease the concentration of the surfactant due to precipitation. To understand cation–sulfonate interactions better, we study both NaLAS colloidal solutions in the presence of CaCl(2) and precipitates forming at higher salt concentrations. Upon addition of CaCl(2), we find the surface tension and critical micelle concentration of NaLAS to decrease significantly, in line with earlier findings for alkylbenzylsulfonates in the presence of divalent cations. Strikingly, an increase in the surface tension is discernible above 0.6 g L(–1) NaLAS, accompanied by the decrease of apparent micelle sizes, which in turn gives rise to transparent systems. Thus, there appears to be a second critical concentration indicating another micellar equilibrium. Furthermore, the maximum salt tolerance of the surfactant is 0.1 g L(–1) Ca(2+), above which rapid precipitation occurs yielding sparingly soluble CaLAS(2)∙2H(2)O.
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spelling pubmed-98649792023-01-22 Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation Ádám, Adél Anna Ziegenheim, Szilveszter Janovák, László Szabados, Márton Bús, Csaba Kukovecz, Ákos Kónya, Zoltán Dékány, Imre Sipos, Pál Kutus, Bence Materials (Basel) Article Anionic surfactants, such as sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (NaLAS), are utilized in various fields, including industry, household, and agriculture. The efficiency of their use in aqueous environments is significantly affected by the presence of cations, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in particular, as they can decrease the concentration of the surfactant due to precipitation. To understand cation–sulfonate interactions better, we study both NaLAS colloidal solutions in the presence of CaCl(2) and precipitates forming at higher salt concentrations. Upon addition of CaCl(2), we find the surface tension and critical micelle concentration of NaLAS to decrease significantly, in line with earlier findings for alkylbenzylsulfonates in the presence of divalent cations. Strikingly, an increase in the surface tension is discernible above 0.6 g L(–1) NaLAS, accompanied by the decrease of apparent micelle sizes, which in turn gives rise to transparent systems. Thus, there appears to be a second critical concentration indicating another micellar equilibrium. Furthermore, the maximum salt tolerance of the surfactant is 0.1 g L(–1) Ca(2+), above which rapid precipitation occurs yielding sparingly soluble CaLAS(2)∙2H(2)O. MDPI 2023-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9864979/ /pubmed/36676235 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020494 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ádám, Adél Anna
Ziegenheim, Szilveszter
Janovák, László
Szabados, Márton
Bús, Csaba
Kukovecz, Ákos
Kónya, Zoltán
Dékány, Imre
Sipos, Pál
Kutus, Bence
Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation
title Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation
title_full Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation
title_fullStr Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation
title_full_unstemmed Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation
title_short Binding of Ca(2+) Ions to Alkylbenzene Sulfonates: Micelle Formation, Second Critical Concentration and Precipitation
title_sort binding of ca(2+) ions to alkylbenzene sulfonates: micelle formation, second critical concentration and precipitation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864979/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36676235
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020494
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