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Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel

Background: previous worldwide reports indicated a substantial short-term reduction in various respiratory infections during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Aims: exploring the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory pathogens. Methods: retrospective analysis of bacteria...

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Autores principales: Oster, Yonatan, Abu Ahmad, Wiessam, Michael-Gayego, Ayelet, Rivkin, Mila, Levinzon, Leonid, Wolf, Dana, Nir-Paz, Ran, Elinav, Hila
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010166
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author Oster, Yonatan
Abu Ahmad, Wiessam
Michael-Gayego, Ayelet
Rivkin, Mila
Levinzon, Leonid
Wolf, Dana
Nir-Paz, Ran
Elinav, Hila
author_facet Oster, Yonatan
Abu Ahmad, Wiessam
Michael-Gayego, Ayelet
Rivkin, Mila
Levinzon, Leonid
Wolf, Dana
Nir-Paz, Ran
Elinav, Hila
author_sort Oster, Yonatan
collection PubMed
description Background: previous worldwide reports indicated a substantial short-term reduction in various respiratory infections during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Aims: exploring the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory pathogens. Methods: retrospective analysis of bacterial and viral positivity rate in respiratory samples, between 1 January 2017–30 June 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Jerusalem, Israel. Results: A decline in overall respiratory tests and positivity rate was observed in the first months of the pandemic. Respiratory isolations of Hemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae were insignificantly affected and returned to their monthly average by November 2020, despite a parallel surge in COVID-19 activity, while Mycoplasma pneumoniae was almost eliminated from the respiratory pathogens scene. Each viral pathogen acted differently, with adenovirus affected only for few months. Human-metapneumovirus and respiratory-syncytial-virus had reduced activity for approximately a year, and influenza A virus resurged in November 2021 with the elimination of Influenza-B. Conclusions: After an immediate decline in non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections, each pathogen has a different pattern during a 2-year follow-up. These patterns might be influenced by intrinsic factors of each pathogen and different risk reduction behaviors of the population. Since some of these measures will remain in the following years, we cannot predict the timing of return to pre-COVID-19 normalcy.
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spelling pubmed-98649902023-01-22 Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel Oster, Yonatan Abu Ahmad, Wiessam Michael-Gayego, Ayelet Rivkin, Mila Levinzon, Leonid Wolf, Dana Nir-Paz, Ran Elinav, Hila Microorganisms Communication Background: previous worldwide reports indicated a substantial short-term reduction in various respiratory infections during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Aims: exploring the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory pathogens. Methods: retrospective analysis of bacterial and viral positivity rate in respiratory samples, between 1 January 2017–30 June 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Jerusalem, Israel. Results: A decline in overall respiratory tests and positivity rate was observed in the first months of the pandemic. Respiratory isolations of Hemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae were insignificantly affected and returned to their monthly average by November 2020, despite a parallel surge in COVID-19 activity, while Mycoplasma pneumoniae was almost eliminated from the respiratory pathogens scene. Each viral pathogen acted differently, with adenovirus affected only for few months. Human-metapneumovirus and respiratory-syncytial-virus had reduced activity for approximately a year, and influenza A virus resurged in November 2021 with the elimination of Influenza-B. Conclusions: After an immediate decline in non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections, each pathogen has a different pattern during a 2-year follow-up. These patterns might be influenced by intrinsic factors of each pathogen and different risk reduction behaviors of the population. Since some of these measures will remain in the following years, we cannot predict the timing of return to pre-COVID-19 normalcy. MDPI 2023-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9864990/ /pubmed/36677458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010166 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Oster, Yonatan
Abu Ahmad, Wiessam
Michael-Gayego, Ayelet
Rivkin, Mila
Levinzon, Leonid
Wolf, Dana
Nir-Paz, Ran
Elinav, Hila
Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel
title Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel
title_full Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel
title_fullStr Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel
title_full_unstemmed Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel
title_short Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel
title_sort viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens during the covid-19 pandemic in israel
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9864990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010166
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