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Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions

Astaxanthin quantitative analysis is prone to high variability between laboratories. This study aimed to assess the effect of light on the spectrometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements of astaxanthin. The experiment was performed on four Haematococcus pluvialis-derived...

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Autores principales: Virchenko, Oleksandr, Stefánsson, Tryggvi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9865008/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020847
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author Virchenko, Oleksandr
Stefánsson, Tryggvi
author_facet Virchenko, Oleksandr
Stefánsson, Tryggvi
author_sort Virchenko, Oleksandr
collection PubMed
description Astaxanthin quantitative analysis is prone to high variability between laboratories. This study aimed to assess the effect of light on the spectrometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements of astaxanthin. The experiment was performed on four Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin-rich oleoresin samples with different carotenoid matrices that were analyzed by UV/Vis spectrometry and HPLC according to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) monograph. Each sample was dissolved in acetone in three types of flasks: amber glass wrapped with aluminium foil, uncovered amber glass, and transparent glass. Thus, the acetone solutions were either in light-proof flasks or exposed to ambient light. The measurements were taken within four hours (spectrometry) or three hours (HPLC) from the moment of oleoresin dissolution in acetone to investigate the dynamics of changes in the recorded values. The results confirm the logarithmic growth of astaxanthin absorbance by 8–11% (UV/Vis) and 7–17% (HPLC) after 3 h of light exposure. The changes were different in the samples with different carotenoid matrices; for instance, light had the least effect on the USP reference standard sample. The increase in absorbance was accompanied with the change of isomeric distribution, namely a reduction of 13Z and an increase of All-E and 9Z astaxanthin. The greater HPLC values’ elevation was related not only to the increase of astaxanthin absorbance, but also to light-dependent degradation of internal standard apocarotenal. The findings confirm a poor robustness of the conventional analytical procedure for astaxanthin quantitation and a necessity for method revision and harmonization to improve its reproducibility.
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spelling pubmed-98650082023-01-22 Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions Virchenko, Oleksandr Stefánsson, Tryggvi Molecules Article Astaxanthin quantitative analysis is prone to high variability between laboratories. This study aimed to assess the effect of light on the spectrometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements of astaxanthin. The experiment was performed on four Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin-rich oleoresin samples with different carotenoid matrices that were analyzed by UV/Vis spectrometry and HPLC according to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) monograph. Each sample was dissolved in acetone in three types of flasks: amber glass wrapped with aluminium foil, uncovered amber glass, and transparent glass. Thus, the acetone solutions were either in light-proof flasks or exposed to ambient light. The measurements were taken within four hours (spectrometry) or three hours (HPLC) from the moment of oleoresin dissolution in acetone to investigate the dynamics of changes in the recorded values. The results confirm the logarithmic growth of astaxanthin absorbance by 8–11% (UV/Vis) and 7–17% (HPLC) after 3 h of light exposure. The changes were different in the samples with different carotenoid matrices; for instance, light had the least effect on the USP reference standard sample. The increase in absorbance was accompanied with the change of isomeric distribution, namely a reduction of 13Z and an increase of All-E and 9Z astaxanthin. The greater HPLC values’ elevation was related not only to the increase of astaxanthin absorbance, but also to light-dependent degradation of internal standard apocarotenal. The findings confirm a poor robustness of the conventional analytical procedure for astaxanthin quantitation and a necessity for method revision and harmonization to improve its reproducibility. MDPI 2023-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9865008/ /pubmed/36677904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020847 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Virchenko, Oleksandr
Stefánsson, Tryggvi
Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions
title Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions
title_full Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions
title_fullStr Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions
title_full_unstemmed Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions
title_short Light Increases Astaxanthin Absorbance in Acetone Solution through Isomerization Reactions
title_sort light increases astaxanthin absorbance in acetone solution through isomerization reactions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9865008/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020847
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