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Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer
Acoustic/ultrasonic testing is now a common method in the field of nondestructive testing for detecting material defects or monitoring ongoing mechanical changes in a structure during operation. In many applications, piezoelectric transducers are used to generate mechanical waves inside the specimen...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9865104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679812 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021015 |
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author | Siegl, Alexander Leithner, Stefan Schweighofer, Bernhard Wegleiter, Hannes |
author_facet | Siegl, Alexander Leithner, Stefan Schweighofer, Bernhard Wegleiter, Hannes |
author_sort | Siegl, Alexander |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acoustic/ultrasonic testing is now a common method in the field of nondestructive testing for detecting material defects or monitoring ongoing mechanical changes in a structure during operation. In many applications, piezoelectric transducers are used to generate mechanical waves inside the specimen. Their actual operating frequency is highly dependent on the dimensions of the transducer. Larger dimensions of the piezoelectric transducer allow for a lower operating frequency. However, these dimensions limit the use of piezoelectric transducers in certain applications where the size of the transducer is restricted due to limited installation space and when low-frequency excitation is required. One application that places these requirements on the transducer is the monitoring of mechanical seals. Here, the transducer must be mounted on the stationary ring of the seal. In this paper, a continuously operated electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is presented as an alternative to piezoelectric transducers as a transmitter. The advantage of a EMAT is that it meets the requirements of limited sensor size (sensor area < 10 × 6 mm) and can excite mechanical waves with frequencies below 10 kHz. A structural analysis of the stationary ring shows that the first two mechanical resonances occur around 4 and 5.5 kHz. An experimental study meterologically demonstrates the ability of the EMAT to excite these first two mechanical resonances of the ring. A comparative simulation agrees well with the measurement. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9865104 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98651042023-01-22 Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Siegl, Alexander Leithner, Stefan Schweighofer, Bernhard Wegleiter, Hannes Sensors (Basel) Article Acoustic/ultrasonic testing is now a common method in the field of nondestructive testing for detecting material defects or monitoring ongoing mechanical changes in a structure during operation. In many applications, piezoelectric transducers are used to generate mechanical waves inside the specimen. Their actual operating frequency is highly dependent on the dimensions of the transducer. Larger dimensions of the piezoelectric transducer allow for a lower operating frequency. However, these dimensions limit the use of piezoelectric transducers in certain applications where the size of the transducer is restricted due to limited installation space and when low-frequency excitation is required. One application that places these requirements on the transducer is the monitoring of mechanical seals. Here, the transducer must be mounted on the stationary ring of the seal. In this paper, a continuously operated electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is presented as an alternative to piezoelectric transducers as a transmitter. The advantage of a EMAT is that it meets the requirements of limited sensor size (sensor area < 10 × 6 mm) and can excite mechanical waves with frequencies below 10 kHz. A structural analysis of the stationary ring shows that the first two mechanical resonances occur around 4 and 5.5 kHz. An experimental study meterologically demonstrates the ability of the EMAT to excite these first two mechanical resonances of the ring. A comparative simulation agrees well with the measurement. MDPI 2023-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9865104/ /pubmed/36679812 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021015 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Siegl, Alexander Leithner, Stefan Schweighofer, Bernhard Wegleiter, Hannes Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
title | Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
title_full | Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
title_fullStr | Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
title_full_unstemmed | Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
title_short | Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
title_sort | excitation of mechanical resonances in the stationary ring of a mechanical seal by a continuously operated electromagnetic acoustic transducer |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9865104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679812 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021015 |
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