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Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize

The risk of resistance development and adverse effects on human health and the environment has increased in the last decade. Furthermore, many antifungal agents fail to inhibit the pathogenesis of azole-resistant Aspergillus flavus. In this report, we isolated and identified azole-resistant A. flavu...

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Autores principales: Alhazmi, Nuha M., Sharaf, Eman M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9865401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677769
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020711
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author Alhazmi, Nuha M.
Sharaf, Eman M.
author_facet Alhazmi, Nuha M.
Sharaf, Eman M.
author_sort Alhazmi, Nuha M.
collection PubMed
description The risk of resistance development and adverse effects on human health and the environment has increased in the last decade. Furthermore, many antifungal agents fail to inhibit the pathogenesis of azole-resistant Aspergillus flavus. In this report, we isolated and identified azole-resistant A. flavus isolates from two sources of maize (white and yellow maize). The susceptibilities of Aspergillus flavus isolates were investigated by conventional antifungals such as Terbinfine, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Voricazole, Amphotericin, and Nystatin. Then zinc oxide nanoparticles associated with Chlorella vulgaris, which are synthesized by using the precipitation method, were examined against isolated fungi. The results showed that twelve species of white corn were isolated out of fifty isolates, while the number of isolates from the yellow corn source was only four. Interestingly, the following antifungals have an impact effect against azole-resistant A. flavus isolates: the inhibition zones of ketoconazole, voricazole, and terbinafine were 40 mm, 20 mm, and 12 mm, respectively, while the remaining antifungal agents have no effect. Similarly, the inhibition zones of the following antifungal agents were as follows: 41 mm for Terbinfine, 13 mm for Voricazole, and 11 mm for Ketoconazole against Aspergillus flavus that was isolated from yellow corn. The physiochemical characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles provides evidence that ZnO-NPs associate with Chlorella vulgaris and have been fabricated by the precipitation method with a diameter of 25 nm. The zinc oxide nanoparticle was then used to isolate azole-resistant A. flavus, and the results show that ZnO-NPs have an effect on azole-resistant A. flavus isolation. The inhibition zone of zinc oxide nanoparticles against A. flavus (that was isolated from white corn) was 50 mm with an MIC of 50 mg/mL, while the inhibition zone of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Azole-resistant A. flavus isolated from yellow corn was 14 nm with an MIC of 25 mg/mL, which indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles gave a better result against Azole-resistant A. flavus isolated from maize.
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spelling pubmed-98654012023-01-22 Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize Alhazmi, Nuha M. Sharaf, Eman M. Molecules Article The risk of resistance development and adverse effects on human health and the environment has increased in the last decade. Furthermore, many antifungal agents fail to inhibit the pathogenesis of azole-resistant Aspergillus flavus. In this report, we isolated and identified azole-resistant A. flavus isolates from two sources of maize (white and yellow maize). The susceptibilities of Aspergillus flavus isolates were investigated by conventional antifungals such as Terbinfine, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Voricazole, Amphotericin, and Nystatin. Then zinc oxide nanoparticles associated with Chlorella vulgaris, which are synthesized by using the precipitation method, were examined against isolated fungi. The results showed that twelve species of white corn were isolated out of fifty isolates, while the number of isolates from the yellow corn source was only four. Interestingly, the following antifungals have an impact effect against azole-resistant A. flavus isolates: the inhibition zones of ketoconazole, voricazole, and terbinafine were 40 mm, 20 mm, and 12 mm, respectively, while the remaining antifungal agents have no effect. Similarly, the inhibition zones of the following antifungal agents were as follows: 41 mm for Terbinfine, 13 mm for Voricazole, and 11 mm for Ketoconazole against Aspergillus flavus that was isolated from yellow corn. The physiochemical characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles provides evidence that ZnO-NPs associate with Chlorella vulgaris and have been fabricated by the precipitation method with a diameter of 25 nm. The zinc oxide nanoparticle was then used to isolate azole-resistant A. flavus, and the results show that ZnO-NPs have an effect on azole-resistant A. flavus isolation. The inhibition zone of zinc oxide nanoparticles against A. flavus (that was isolated from white corn) was 50 mm with an MIC of 50 mg/mL, while the inhibition zone of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Azole-resistant A. flavus isolated from yellow corn was 14 nm with an MIC of 25 mg/mL, which indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles gave a better result against Azole-resistant A. flavus isolated from maize. MDPI 2023-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9865401/ /pubmed/36677769 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020711 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alhazmi, Nuha M.
Sharaf, Eman M.
Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize
title Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize
title_full Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize
title_fullStr Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize
title_full_unstemmed Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize
title_short Fungicidal Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Yellow and White Maize
title_sort fungicidal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against azole-resistant aspergillus flavus isolated from yellow and white maize
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9865401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677769
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020711
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