Cargando…
Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in the recognition of HIV-1 molecular structures by various cells of the innate immune system, but also provide a functional association with subsequent mechanisms of adaptive immunity. TLR7 and TLR8 pla...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36678440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010092 |
_version_ | 1784876110712930304 |
---|---|
author | Rozman, Marija Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Jambrosic, Karlo Babić, Maja Drmić Hofman, Irena |
author_facet | Rozman, Marija Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Jambrosic, Karlo Babić, Maja Drmić Hofman, Irena |
author_sort | Rozman, Marija |
collection | PubMed |
description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in the recognition of HIV-1 molecular structures by various cells of the innate immune system, but also provide a functional association with subsequent mechanisms of adaptive immunity. TLR7 and TLR8 play a particularly important role in the innate immune response to RNA viruses due to their ability to recognise GU-rich single-stranded RNA molecules and subsequently activate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in expression of genes coding for various biological response modifiers (interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines). The aim of this review is to summarise the most recent knowledge on the role of TLRs in the innate immune response to HIV-1 and the role of TLR gene polymorphisms in the biology and in the clinical aspects of HIV infections. In addition, the role of TLR agonists as latency reversing agents in research to treat HIV infections and as immunomodulators in HIV vaccine research will be discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9866513 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98665132023-01-22 Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies Rozman, Marija Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Jambrosic, Karlo Babić, Maja Drmić Hofman, Irena Pathogens Review Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in the recognition of HIV-1 molecular structures by various cells of the innate immune system, but also provide a functional association with subsequent mechanisms of adaptive immunity. TLR7 and TLR8 play a particularly important role in the innate immune response to RNA viruses due to their ability to recognise GU-rich single-stranded RNA molecules and subsequently activate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in expression of genes coding for various biological response modifiers (interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines). The aim of this review is to summarise the most recent knowledge on the role of TLRs in the innate immune response to HIV-1 and the role of TLR gene polymorphisms in the biology and in the clinical aspects of HIV infections. In addition, the role of TLR agonists as latency reversing agents in research to treat HIV infections and as immunomodulators in HIV vaccine research will be discussed. MDPI 2023-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9866513/ /pubmed/36678440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010092 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rozman, Marija Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Jambrosic, Karlo Babić, Maja Drmić Hofman, Irena Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies |
title | Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies |
title_full | Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies |
title_fullStr | Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies |
title_short | Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies |
title_sort | role of tlrs in hiv-1 infection and potential of tlr agonists in hiv-1 vaccine development and treatment strategies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36678440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010092 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rozmanmarija roleoftlrsinhiv1infectionandpotentialoftlragonistsinhiv1vaccinedevelopmentandtreatmentstrategies AT zidoveclepejsnjezana roleoftlrsinhiv1infectionandpotentialoftlragonistsinhiv1vaccinedevelopmentandtreatmentstrategies AT jambrosickarlo roleoftlrsinhiv1infectionandpotentialoftlragonistsinhiv1vaccinedevelopmentandtreatmentstrategies AT babicmaja roleoftlrsinhiv1infectionandpotentialoftlragonistsinhiv1vaccinedevelopmentandtreatmentstrategies AT drmichofmanirena roleoftlrsinhiv1infectionandpotentialoftlragonistsinhiv1vaccinedevelopmentandtreatmentstrategies |