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Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in the recognition of HIV-1 molecular structures by various cells of the innate immune system, but also provide a functional association with subsequent mechanisms of adaptive immunity. TLR7 and TLR8 pla...

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Autores principales: Rozman, Marija, Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana, Jambrosic, Karlo, Babić, Maja, Drmić Hofman, Irena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866513/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36678440
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010092
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author Rozman, Marija
Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Jambrosic, Karlo
Babić, Maja
Drmić Hofman, Irena
author_facet Rozman, Marija
Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Jambrosic, Karlo
Babić, Maja
Drmić Hofman, Irena
author_sort Rozman, Marija
collection PubMed
description Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in the recognition of HIV-1 molecular structures by various cells of the innate immune system, but also provide a functional association with subsequent mechanisms of adaptive immunity. TLR7 and TLR8 play a particularly important role in the innate immune response to RNA viruses due to their ability to recognise GU-rich single-stranded RNA molecules and subsequently activate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in expression of genes coding for various biological response modifiers (interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines). The aim of this review is to summarise the most recent knowledge on the role of TLRs in the innate immune response to HIV-1 and the role of TLR gene polymorphisms in the biology and in the clinical aspects of HIV infections. In addition, the role of TLR agonists as latency reversing agents in research to treat HIV infections and as immunomodulators in HIV vaccine research will be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-98665132023-01-22 Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies Rozman, Marija Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana Jambrosic, Karlo Babić, Maja Drmić Hofman, Irena Pathogens Review Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in the recognition of HIV-1 molecular structures by various cells of the innate immune system, but also provide a functional association with subsequent mechanisms of adaptive immunity. TLR7 and TLR8 play a particularly important role in the innate immune response to RNA viruses due to their ability to recognise GU-rich single-stranded RNA molecules and subsequently activate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in expression of genes coding for various biological response modifiers (interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines). The aim of this review is to summarise the most recent knowledge on the role of TLRs in the innate immune response to HIV-1 and the role of TLR gene polymorphisms in the biology and in the clinical aspects of HIV infections. In addition, the role of TLR agonists as latency reversing agents in research to treat HIV infections and as immunomodulators in HIV vaccine research will be discussed. MDPI 2023-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9866513/ /pubmed/36678440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010092 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rozman, Marija
Zidovec-Lepej, Snjezana
Jambrosic, Karlo
Babić, Maja
Drmić Hofman, Irena
Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies
title Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies
title_full Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies
title_fullStr Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies
title_short Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies
title_sort role of tlrs in hiv-1 infection and potential of tlr agonists in hiv-1 vaccine development and treatment strategies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866513/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36678440
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010092
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