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COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes
In the beginning of COVID-19, the proportion of confirmed cases in the pediatric population was relatively small and there was an opinion that children often had a mild or asymptomatic course of infection. Our understanding of the immune response, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 is highly orient...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866514/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36674665 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021147 |
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author | Vasichkina, Elena Alekseeva, Daria Kudryavtsev, Igor Glushkova, Anzhela Starshinova, Anastasia Y. Malkova, Anna Kudlay, Dmitry Starshinova, Anna |
author_facet | Vasichkina, Elena Alekseeva, Daria Kudryavtsev, Igor Glushkova, Anzhela Starshinova, Anastasia Y. Malkova, Anna Kudlay, Dmitry Starshinova, Anna |
author_sort | Vasichkina, Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the beginning of COVID-19, the proportion of confirmed cases in the pediatric population was relatively small and there was an opinion that children often had a mild or asymptomatic course of infection. Our understanding of the immune response, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 is highly oriented towards the adult population. At the same time, despite the fact that COVID-19 in children usually occurs in a mild form, there is an incomplete understanding of the course as an acute infection and its subsequent manifestations such as Long-COVID-19 or Post-COVID-19, PASC in the pediatric population, correlations with comorbidities and immunological changes. In mild COVID-19 in childhood, some authors explain the absence of population decreasing T and B lymphocytes. Regardless of the patient’s condition, they can have the second phase, related to the exacerbation of inflammation in the heart tissue even if the viral infection was completely eliminated—post infectious myocarditis. Mechanism of myocardial dysfunction development in MIS-C are not fully understood. It is known that various immunocompetent cells, including both resident inflammatory cells of peripheral tissues (for example macrophages, dendritic cells, resident memory T-lymphocytes and so on) and also circulating in the peripheral blood immune cells play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of myocarditis. It is expected that hyperproduction of interferons and the enhanced cytokine response of T cells 1 and 2 types contribute to dysfunction of the myocardium. However, the role of Th1 in the pathogenesis of myocarditis remains highly controversial. At the same time, the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of damage, including the heart, both against the background and after COVID-19, in children differ from adults. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether transient or persistent cardiac complications are associated with long-term adverse cardiac events. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9866514 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98665142023-01-22 COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes Vasichkina, Elena Alekseeva, Daria Kudryavtsev, Igor Glushkova, Anzhela Starshinova, Anastasia Y. Malkova, Anna Kudlay, Dmitry Starshinova, Anna Int J Mol Sci Review In the beginning of COVID-19, the proportion of confirmed cases in the pediatric population was relatively small and there was an opinion that children often had a mild or asymptomatic course of infection. Our understanding of the immune response, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 is highly oriented towards the adult population. At the same time, despite the fact that COVID-19 in children usually occurs in a mild form, there is an incomplete understanding of the course as an acute infection and its subsequent manifestations such as Long-COVID-19 or Post-COVID-19, PASC in the pediatric population, correlations with comorbidities and immunological changes. In mild COVID-19 in childhood, some authors explain the absence of population decreasing T and B lymphocytes. Regardless of the patient’s condition, they can have the second phase, related to the exacerbation of inflammation in the heart tissue even if the viral infection was completely eliminated—post infectious myocarditis. Mechanism of myocardial dysfunction development in MIS-C are not fully understood. It is known that various immunocompetent cells, including both resident inflammatory cells of peripheral tissues (for example macrophages, dendritic cells, resident memory T-lymphocytes and so on) and also circulating in the peripheral blood immune cells play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of myocarditis. It is expected that hyperproduction of interferons and the enhanced cytokine response of T cells 1 and 2 types contribute to dysfunction of the myocardium. However, the role of Th1 in the pathogenesis of myocarditis remains highly controversial. At the same time, the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of damage, including the heart, both against the background and after COVID-19, in children differ from adults. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether transient or persistent cardiac complications are associated with long-term adverse cardiac events. MDPI 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9866514/ /pubmed/36674665 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021147 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Vasichkina, Elena Alekseeva, Daria Kudryavtsev, Igor Glushkova, Anzhela Starshinova, Anastasia Y. Malkova, Anna Kudlay, Dmitry Starshinova, Anna COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes |
title | COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes |
title_full | COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes |
title_fullStr | COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes |
title_short | COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes |
title_sort | covid-19 heart lesions in children: clinical, diagnostic and immunological changes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866514/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36674665 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021147 |
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