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Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold

Shape memory polymers have received widespread attention from researchers because of their low density, shape variety, responsiveness to the environment, and transparency. This study deals with heat-shape memory polymers (SMPs) based on polylactic acid (PLA) for designing and fabricating a novel por...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Li, Hanif, Muhammad, Li, Jiacheng, Shah, Abdul Hakim, Hussain, Wajid, Zhang, Guotao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866565/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679272
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020390
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author Zhang, Li
Hanif, Muhammad
Li, Jiacheng
Shah, Abdul Hakim
Hussain, Wajid
Zhang, Guotao
author_facet Zhang, Li
Hanif, Muhammad
Li, Jiacheng
Shah, Abdul Hakim
Hussain, Wajid
Zhang, Guotao
author_sort Zhang, Li
collection PubMed
description Shape memory polymers have received widespread attention from researchers because of their low density, shape variety, responsiveness to the environment, and transparency. This study deals with heat-shape memory polymers (SMPs) based on polylactic acid (PLA) for designing and fabricating a novel porous vascular scaffold to treat vascular restenosis. The solid isotropic material penalization method (SIMP) was applied to optimize the vascular scaffolds. Based on the torsional torque loading of Hyperworks Optistruct and the boundary conditions, the topological optimization model of a vascular scaffold unit was established. Forward and reverse hybrid modeling technology was applied to complete the final stent structure’s assembly. The glass transition temperature for the present SMPs is 42.15 °C. With the increase in temperature, the ultimate tensile strength of the SMPs is reduced from 29.5 MPa to 11.6 MPa. The maximum modulus at room temperature was around 34 MPa. Stress relaxation curves show that the material classification is a “thermoset” polymer. The superb mechanical properties, the transition temperature of the SMPs, and the recovery ratio made it a feasible candidate for a vascular scaffold. A circular tube based on the shape memory polymers was presented as an example for analyzing the recovery ratio in an unfolding state. A higher recovery ratio was obtained at a temperature of 65 °C with a tube thickness of 2 mm. Finally, the proposed porous vascular scaffold was successfully fabricated, assessed, and compared with the original and previously developed vascular scaffolds. The proposed scaffold structure regains its initial shape with a recovery ratio of 98% (recovery temperature of 47 °C) in 16 s. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and bending strength of the proposed scaffold were 29.5 MPa, 695.4 MPa, and 6.02 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the proposed scaffold could be regarded as a potential candidate for a vascular implantation.
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spelling pubmed-98665652023-01-22 Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold Zhang, Li Hanif, Muhammad Li, Jiacheng Shah, Abdul Hakim Hussain, Wajid Zhang, Guotao Polymers (Basel) Article Shape memory polymers have received widespread attention from researchers because of their low density, shape variety, responsiveness to the environment, and transparency. This study deals with heat-shape memory polymers (SMPs) based on polylactic acid (PLA) for designing and fabricating a novel porous vascular scaffold to treat vascular restenosis. The solid isotropic material penalization method (SIMP) was applied to optimize the vascular scaffolds. Based on the torsional torque loading of Hyperworks Optistruct and the boundary conditions, the topological optimization model of a vascular scaffold unit was established. Forward and reverse hybrid modeling technology was applied to complete the final stent structure’s assembly. The glass transition temperature for the present SMPs is 42.15 °C. With the increase in temperature, the ultimate tensile strength of the SMPs is reduced from 29.5 MPa to 11.6 MPa. The maximum modulus at room temperature was around 34 MPa. Stress relaxation curves show that the material classification is a “thermoset” polymer. The superb mechanical properties, the transition temperature of the SMPs, and the recovery ratio made it a feasible candidate for a vascular scaffold. A circular tube based on the shape memory polymers was presented as an example for analyzing the recovery ratio in an unfolding state. A higher recovery ratio was obtained at a temperature of 65 °C with a tube thickness of 2 mm. Finally, the proposed porous vascular scaffold was successfully fabricated, assessed, and compared with the original and previously developed vascular scaffolds. The proposed scaffold structure regains its initial shape with a recovery ratio of 98% (recovery temperature of 47 °C) in 16 s. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and bending strength of the proposed scaffold were 29.5 MPa, 695.4 MPa, and 6.02 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the proposed scaffold could be regarded as a potential candidate for a vascular implantation. MDPI 2023-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9866565/ /pubmed/36679272 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020390 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Li
Hanif, Muhammad
Li, Jiacheng
Shah, Abdul Hakim
Hussain, Wajid
Zhang, Guotao
Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold
title Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold
title_full Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold
title_fullStr Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold
title_full_unstemmed Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold
title_short Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold
title_sort fused deposition modeling and characterization of heat shape memory poly(lactic) acid-based porous vascular scaffold
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866565/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679272
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020390
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