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Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients

Ruxolitinib is a JAK1/2 inhibitor that has revolutionized the approach to myelofibrosis. On the one side, this drug can rapidly improve the symptoms related to the hematological disease; on the other side, the inhibition of JAK1/2 can lead to immunosuppression which may increase the risk of infectio...

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Autores principales: Duminuco, Andrea, Scarso, Salvatore, Cupri, Alessandra, Parrinello, Nunziatina Laura, Villari, Loredana, Scuderi, Grazia, Giunta, Giuliana, Leotta, Salvatore, Milone, Giulio Antonio, Giuffrida, Giulia, Palumbo, Giuseppe Alberto, Milone, Giuseppe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866708/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36675507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020578
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author Duminuco, Andrea
Scarso, Salvatore
Cupri, Alessandra
Parrinello, Nunziatina Laura
Villari, Loredana
Scuderi, Grazia
Giunta, Giuliana
Leotta, Salvatore
Milone, Giulio Antonio
Giuffrida, Giulia
Palumbo, Giuseppe Alberto
Milone, Giuseppe
author_facet Duminuco, Andrea
Scarso, Salvatore
Cupri, Alessandra
Parrinello, Nunziatina Laura
Villari, Loredana
Scuderi, Grazia
Giunta, Giuliana
Leotta, Salvatore
Milone, Giulio Antonio
Giuffrida, Giulia
Palumbo, Giuseppe Alberto
Milone, Giuseppe
author_sort Duminuco, Andrea
collection PubMed
description Ruxolitinib is a JAK1/2 inhibitor that has revolutionized the approach to myelofibrosis. On the one side, this drug can rapidly improve the symptoms related to the hematological disease; on the other side, the inhibition of JAK1/2 can lead to immunosuppression which may increase the risk of infections, due to a change in the cytokine balance in favor of anti-inflammatory cytokines, to direct inhibition of immune cells, and to the suppression in the production of specific antibodies. In this patient setting, much is known about possible viral and bacterial infections, while little is reported in the literature concerning parasitic infections, specifically leishmaniasis. Leishmania is a parasitic infection that can cause serious problems in immunosuppressed patients. The parasite can invade the bloodstream and cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, weight loss, and anemia. In severe cases, it can lead to multi-organ failure and, rapidly, death. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential especially for these patients, unable to respond adequately. In this case and the following review of the existing literature, the cytokine kinetics and the production of specific anti-Leishmania antibodies represent characteristic aspects capable of providing a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying these complex clinical cases in an immunocompromised patient.
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spelling pubmed-98667082023-01-22 Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients Duminuco, Andrea Scarso, Salvatore Cupri, Alessandra Parrinello, Nunziatina Laura Villari, Loredana Scuderi, Grazia Giunta, Giuliana Leotta, Salvatore Milone, Giulio Antonio Giuffrida, Giulia Palumbo, Giuseppe Alberto Milone, Giuseppe J Clin Med Case Report Ruxolitinib is a JAK1/2 inhibitor that has revolutionized the approach to myelofibrosis. On the one side, this drug can rapidly improve the symptoms related to the hematological disease; on the other side, the inhibition of JAK1/2 can lead to immunosuppression which may increase the risk of infections, due to a change in the cytokine balance in favor of anti-inflammatory cytokines, to direct inhibition of immune cells, and to the suppression in the production of specific antibodies. In this patient setting, much is known about possible viral and bacterial infections, while little is reported in the literature concerning parasitic infections, specifically leishmaniasis. Leishmania is a parasitic infection that can cause serious problems in immunosuppressed patients. The parasite can invade the bloodstream and cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, weight loss, and anemia. In severe cases, it can lead to multi-organ failure and, rapidly, death. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential especially for these patients, unable to respond adequately. In this case and the following review of the existing literature, the cytokine kinetics and the production of specific anti-Leishmania antibodies represent characteristic aspects capable of providing a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying these complex clinical cases in an immunocompromised patient. MDPI 2023-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9866708/ /pubmed/36675507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020578 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Duminuco, Andrea
Scarso, Salvatore
Cupri, Alessandra
Parrinello, Nunziatina Laura
Villari, Loredana
Scuderi, Grazia
Giunta, Giuliana
Leotta, Salvatore
Milone, Giulio Antonio
Giuffrida, Giulia
Palumbo, Giuseppe Alberto
Milone, Giuseppe
Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients
title Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients
title_full Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients
title_fullStr Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients
title_full_unstemmed Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients
title_short Leishmania Infection during Ruxolitinib Treatment: The Cytokines-Based Immune Response in the Setting of Immunocompromised Patients
title_sort leishmania infection during ruxolitinib treatment: the cytokines-based immune response in the setting of immunocompromised patients
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866708/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36675507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020578
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