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Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels

Synthetic tough hydrogels have received attention because they could mimic the mechanical properties of natural hydrogels, such as muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage. Many recent studies suggest various approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of tough hydrogels. However, directly compar...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ji, Donghwan, Im, Pilseon, Shin, Sunmi, Kim, Jaeyun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36676522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020785
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author Ji, Donghwan
Im, Pilseon
Shin, Sunmi
Kim, Jaeyun
author_facet Ji, Donghwan
Im, Pilseon
Shin, Sunmi
Kim, Jaeyun
author_sort Ji, Donghwan
collection PubMed
description Synthetic tough hydrogels have received attention because they could mimic the mechanical properties of natural hydrogels, such as muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage. Many recent studies suggest various approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of tough hydrogels. However, directly comparing each hydrogel property in different reports is challenging because various testing specimen shapes/sizes were employed, affecting the experimental mechanical property values. This study demonstrates how the specimen geometry—the lengths and width of the reduced section—of a tough double-network hydrogel causes differences in experimental tensile mechanical values. In particular, the elastic modulus was systemically compared using eleven specimens of different shapes and sizes that were tensile tested, including a rectangle, ASTM D412-C and D412-D, JIS K6251-7, and seven customized dumbbell shapes with various lengths and widths of the reduced section. Unlike the rectangular specimen, which showed an inconsistent measurement of mechanical properties due to a local load concentration near the grip, dumbbell-shaped specimens exhibited a stable fracture at the reduced section. The dumbbell-shaped specimen with a shorter gauge length resulted in a smaller elastic modulus. Moreover, a relationship between the specimen dimension and measured elastic modulus value was derived, which allowed for the prediction of the experimental elastic modulus of dumbbell-shaped tough hydrogels with different dimensions. This study conveys a message that reminds the apparent experimental dependence of specimen geometry on the stress-strain measurement and the need to standardize the measurement of of numerous tough hydrogels for a fair comparison.
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spelling pubmed-98668372023-01-22 Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels Ji, Donghwan Im, Pilseon Shin, Sunmi Kim, Jaeyun Materials (Basel) Article Synthetic tough hydrogels have received attention because they could mimic the mechanical properties of natural hydrogels, such as muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage. Many recent studies suggest various approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of tough hydrogels. However, directly comparing each hydrogel property in different reports is challenging because various testing specimen shapes/sizes were employed, affecting the experimental mechanical property values. This study demonstrates how the specimen geometry—the lengths and width of the reduced section—of a tough double-network hydrogel causes differences in experimental tensile mechanical values. In particular, the elastic modulus was systemically compared using eleven specimens of different shapes and sizes that were tensile tested, including a rectangle, ASTM D412-C and D412-D, JIS K6251-7, and seven customized dumbbell shapes with various lengths and widths of the reduced section. Unlike the rectangular specimen, which showed an inconsistent measurement of mechanical properties due to a local load concentration near the grip, dumbbell-shaped specimens exhibited a stable fracture at the reduced section. The dumbbell-shaped specimen with a shorter gauge length resulted in a smaller elastic modulus. Moreover, a relationship between the specimen dimension and measured elastic modulus value was derived, which allowed for the prediction of the experimental elastic modulus of dumbbell-shaped tough hydrogels with different dimensions. This study conveys a message that reminds the apparent experimental dependence of specimen geometry on the stress-strain measurement and the need to standardize the measurement of of numerous tough hydrogels for a fair comparison. MDPI 2023-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9866837/ /pubmed/36676522 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020785 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ji, Donghwan
Im, Pilseon
Shin, Sunmi
Kim, Jaeyun
Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels
title Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels
title_full Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels
title_fullStr Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels
title_full_unstemmed Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels
title_short Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels
title_sort specimen geometry effect on experimental tensile mechanical properties of tough hydrogels
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36676522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020785
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