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HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation

Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutan...

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Autores principales: Ellwanger, Joel Henrique, Kulmann-Leal, Bruna, Ziliotto, Marina, Chies, José Artur Bogo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36680195
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010155
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author Ellwanger, Joel Henrique
Kulmann-Leal, Bruna
Ziliotto, Marina
Chies, José Artur Bogo
author_facet Ellwanger, Joel Henrique
Kulmann-Leal, Bruna
Ziliotto, Marina
Chies, José Artur Bogo
author_sort Ellwanger, Joel Henrique
collection PubMed
description Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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spelling pubmed-98670342023-01-22 HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation Ellwanger, Joel Henrique Kulmann-Leal, Bruna Ziliotto, Marina Chies, José Artur Bogo Viruses Review Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed. MDPI 2023-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9867034/ /pubmed/36680195 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010155 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ellwanger, Joel Henrique
Kulmann-Leal, Bruna
Ziliotto, Marina
Chies, José Artur Bogo
HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation
title HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation
title_full HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation
title_fullStr HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation
title_full_unstemmed HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation
title_short HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation
title_sort hiv infection, chromosome instability, and micronucleus formation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36680195
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010155
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