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Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things
The high-density Industrial Internet of Things needs to meet the requirements of high-density device access and massive data transmission, which requires the support of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna cognitive systems to keep high throughput. In such a system, spectral efficiency (SE)...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867188/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679748 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020951 |
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author | Sun, Danfeng Xi, Yanlong Yaqot, Abdullah Hellbrück, Horst Wu, Huifeng |
author_facet | Sun, Danfeng Xi, Yanlong Yaqot, Abdullah Hellbrück, Horst Wu, Huifeng |
author_sort | Sun, Danfeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | The high-density Industrial Internet of Things needs to meet the requirements of high-density device access and massive data transmission, which requires the support of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna cognitive systems to keep high throughput. In such a system, spectral efficiency (SE) optimization based on dynamic power allocation is an effective way to enhance the network throughput as the channel quality variations significantly affect the spectral efficiency performance. Deep learning methods have illustrated the ability to efficiently solve the non-convexity of resource allocation problems induced by the channel multi-path and inter-user interference effects. However, current real-valued deep-learning-based power allocation methods have failed to utilize the representational capacity of complex-valued data as they regard the complex-valued channel data as two parts: real and imaginary data. In this paper, we propose a complex-valued power allocation network (AttCVNN) with cross-channel and in-channel attention mechanisms to improve the model performance where the former considers the relationship between cognitive users and the primary user, i.e., inter-network users, while the latter focuses on the relationship among cognitive users, i.e., intra-network users. Comparison experiments indicate that the proposed AttCVNN notably outperforms both the equal power allocation method (EPM) and the real-valued and the complex-valued fully connected network (FNN, CVFNN) and shows a better convergence rate in the training phase than the real-valued convolutional neural network (AttCNN). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9867188 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98671882023-01-22 Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things Sun, Danfeng Xi, Yanlong Yaqot, Abdullah Hellbrück, Horst Wu, Huifeng Sensors (Basel) Article The high-density Industrial Internet of Things needs to meet the requirements of high-density device access and massive data transmission, which requires the support of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna cognitive systems to keep high throughput. In such a system, spectral efficiency (SE) optimization based on dynamic power allocation is an effective way to enhance the network throughput as the channel quality variations significantly affect the spectral efficiency performance. Deep learning methods have illustrated the ability to efficiently solve the non-convexity of resource allocation problems induced by the channel multi-path and inter-user interference effects. However, current real-valued deep-learning-based power allocation methods have failed to utilize the representational capacity of complex-valued data as they regard the complex-valued channel data as two parts: real and imaginary data. In this paper, we propose a complex-valued power allocation network (AttCVNN) with cross-channel and in-channel attention mechanisms to improve the model performance where the former considers the relationship between cognitive users and the primary user, i.e., inter-network users, while the latter focuses on the relationship among cognitive users, i.e., intra-network users. Comparison experiments indicate that the proposed AttCVNN notably outperforms both the equal power allocation method (EPM) and the real-valued and the complex-valued fully connected network (FNN, CVFNN) and shows a better convergence rate in the training phase than the real-valued convolutional neural network (AttCNN). MDPI 2023-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9867188/ /pubmed/36679748 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020951 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sun, Danfeng Xi, Yanlong Yaqot, Abdullah Hellbrück, Horst Wu, Huifeng Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things |
title | Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things |
title_full | Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things |
title_fullStr | Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things |
title_full_unstemmed | Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things |
title_short | Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things |
title_sort | throughput maximization using deep complex networks for industrial internet of things |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867188/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679748 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020951 |
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