Cargando…

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes infections in humans and a wide range of animal hosts. Wild boar is an important natural reservoir of HEV genotypes 3–6 (HEV-3–HEV-6), but comparative analysis of HEV infections in both feral and farmed wild boars remains limited. In this study, samples from 599 wild b...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wu, Jian-Yong, Meng, Xiao-Xiao, Wei, Yu-Rong, Bolati, Hongduzi, Lau, Eric H. Y., Yang, Xue-Yun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867238/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36680118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010078
_version_ 1784876292606263296
author Wu, Jian-Yong
Meng, Xiao-Xiao
Wei, Yu-Rong
Bolati, Hongduzi
Lau, Eric H. Y.
Yang, Xue-Yun
author_facet Wu, Jian-Yong
Meng, Xiao-Xiao
Wei, Yu-Rong
Bolati, Hongduzi
Lau, Eric H. Y.
Yang, Xue-Yun
author_sort Wu, Jian-Yong
collection PubMed
description Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes infections in humans and a wide range of animal hosts. Wild boar is an important natural reservoir of HEV genotypes 3–6 (HEV-3–HEV-6), but comparative analysis of HEV infections in both feral and farmed wild boars remains limited. In this study, samples from 599 wild boars were collected during 2017–2020, including 121 feral wild boars (collected 121 fecal, 121 serum, and 89 liver samples) and 478 farmed wild boars (collected 478 fecal and 478 serum samples). The presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected by the HEV-IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. HEV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), targeting the partial ORF1 genes from fecal and liver samples, and the obtained genes were further genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that 76.2% (95% CI 72.1–79.9) of farmed wild boars tested anti-HEV IgG seropositive, higher than that in feral wild boars (42.1%, 95% CI 33.2–51.5, p < 0.001). HEV seropositivity increased with age. Wild boar HEV infection presented a significant geographical difference (p < 0.001), but not between sex (p = 0.656) and age (p = 0.347). HEV RNA in fecal samples was detected in 13 (2.2%, 95% CI 1.2–3.7) out of 599 wild boars: 0.8% (95% CI 0.0–4.5, 1/121) of feral wild boars and 2.5% (95% CI 1.3–4.3, 12/478) of farmed wild boars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all these viruses belonged to genotype HEV-4, and further grouped into sub-genotypes HEV-4a, HEV-4d, and HEV-4h, of which HEV-4a was first discovered in the wild boar populations in China. Our results suggested that farms could be a setting for amplification of HEV. The risk of HEV zoonotic transmission via rearing and consumption of farmed wild boars should be further assessed.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9867238
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-98672382023-01-22 Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China Wu, Jian-Yong Meng, Xiao-Xiao Wei, Yu-Rong Bolati, Hongduzi Lau, Eric H. Y. Yang, Xue-Yun Viruses Article Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes infections in humans and a wide range of animal hosts. Wild boar is an important natural reservoir of HEV genotypes 3–6 (HEV-3–HEV-6), but comparative analysis of HEV infections in both feral and farmed wild boars remains limited. In this study, samples from 599 wild boars were collected during 2017–2020, including 121 feral wild boars (collected 121 fecal, 121 serum, and 89 liver samples) and 478 farmed wild boars (collected 478 fecal and 478 serum samples). The presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected by the HEV-IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. HEV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), targeting the partial ORF1 genes from fecal and liver samples, and the obtained genes were further genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that 76.2% (95% CI 72.1–79.9) of farmed wild boars tested anti-HEV IgG seropositive, higher than that in feral wild boars (42.1%, 95% CI 33.2–51.5, p < 0.001). HEV seropositivity increased with age. Wild boar HEV infection presented a significant geographical difference (p < 0.001), but not between sex (p = 0.656) and age (p = 0.347). HEV RNA in fecal samples was detected in 13 (2.2%, 95% CI 1.2–3.7) out of 599 wild boars: 0.8% (95% CI 0.0–4.5, 1/121) of feral wild boars and 2.5% (95% CI 1.3–4.3, 12/478) of farmed wild boars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all these viruses belonged to genotype HEV-4, and further grouped into sub-genotypes HEV-4a, HEV-4d, and HEV-4h, of which HEV-4a was first discovered in the wild boar populations in China. Our results suggested that farms could be a setting for amplification of HEV. The risk of HEV zoonotic transmission via rearing and consumption of farmed wild boars should be further assessed. MDPI 2022-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9867238/ /pubmed/36680118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010078 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wu, Jian-Yong
Meng, Xiao-Xiao
Wei, Yu-Rong
Bolati, Hongduzi
Lau, Eric H. Y.
Yang, Xue-Yun
Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China
title Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China
title_full Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China
title_fullStr Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China
title_short Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China
title_sort prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in feral and farmed wild boars in xinjiang, northwest china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867238/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36680118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010078
work_keys_str_mv AT wujianyong prevalenceofhepatitisevirushevinferalandfarmedwildboarsinxinjiangnorthwestchina
AT mengxiaoxiao prevalenceofhepatitisevirushevinferalandfarmedwildboarsinxinjiangnorthwestchina
AT weiyurong prevalenceofhepatitisevirushevinferalandfarmedwildboarsinxinjiangnorthwestchina
AT bolatihongduzi prevalenceofhepatitisevirushevinferalandfarmedwildboarsinxinjiangnorthwestchina
AT lauerichy prevalenceofhepatitisevirushevinferalandfarmedwildboarsinxinjiangnorthwestchina
AT yangxueyun prevalenceofhepatitisevirushevinferalandfarmedwildboarsinxinjiangnorthwestchina