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Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators
Herein, we evaluated the neutron and gamma capture dose equivalent rates at the maze entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD™ medical linear accelerators (linacs) using experimental measurements as well as empirical calculations. Dose rates were measured using calibrated neutron and gamma ar...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36668803 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010078 |
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author | Suliman, Ibrahim I. Khouqeer, Ghada A. Mayhoub, Fareed H. |
author_facet | Suliman, Ibrahim I. Khouqeer, Ghada A. Mayhoub, Fareed H. |
author_sort | Suliman, Ibrahim I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Herein, we evaluated the neutron and gamma capture dose equivalent rates at the maze entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD™ medical linear accelerators (linacs) using experimental measurements as well as empirical calculations. Dose rates were measured using calibrated neutron and gamma area survey meters placed side-by-side at the measurement point of interest. Measurements were performed at a source-to-detector distance of 100 cm, with a 10 × 10 cm(2) field size therapeutic X-ray beam, and a 30 × 30 × 15 cm(3) solid water patient equivalent phantom, with a linac operating at 15, 10 MV, and 10 MV flattened filter-free (FFF). Dose rates were also measured at different points at the centerline along the maze towards the maze entrance. The measured dose equivalent rates at the maze entrance were comparable to those reported in the literature. The dose rates along the maze decreased exponentially towards the maze entrance and were significant for short maze lengths. The evaluated empirical methods for estimating neutron dose rates at the maze entrance of a linac proposed by Kersey, the modified Kersey method and Falcão method, agree by a factor of two from the experimental measurements. The results revealed vital radiation protection considerations owing to neutron contamination in external beam therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9867262 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98672622023-01-22 Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators Suliman, Ibrahim I. Khouqeer, Ghada A. Mayhoub, Fareed H. Toxics Article Herein, we evaluated the neutron and gamma capture dose equivalent rates at the maze entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD™ medical linear accelerators (linacs) using experimental measurements as well as empirical calculations. Dose rates were measured using calibrated neutron and gamma area survey meters placed side-by-side at the measurement point of interest. Measurements were performed at a source-to-detector distance of 100 cm, with a 10 × 10 cm(2) field size therapeutic X-ray beam, and a 30 × 30 × 15 cm(3) solid water patient equivalent phantom, with a linac operating at 15, 10 MV, and 10 MV flattened filter-free (FFF). Dose rates were also measured at different points at the centerline along the maze towards the maze entrance. The measured dose equivalent rates at the maze entrance were comparable to those reported in the literature. The dose rates along the maze decreased exponentially towards the maze entrance and were significant for short maze lengths. The evaluated empirical methods for estimating neutron dose rates at the maze entrance of a linac proposed by Kersey, the modified Kersey method and Falcão method, agree by a factor of two from the experimental measurements. The results revealed vital radiation protection considerations owing to neutron contamination in external beam therapy. MDPI 2023-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9867262/ /pubmed/36668803 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010078 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Suliman, Ibrahim I. Khouqeer, Ghada A. Mayhoub, Fareed H. Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators |
title | Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators |
title_full | Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators |
title_fullStr | Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators |
title_full_unstemmed | Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators |
title_short | Photoneutrons and Gamma Capture Dose Rates at the Maze Entrance of Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Versa HD Medical Linear Accelerators |
title_sort | photoneutrons and gamma capture dose rates at the maze entrance of varian truebeam and elekta versa hd medical linear accelerators |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36668803 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010078 |
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