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VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm

During these years, the 3D node coverage of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks that are closer to the actual application environment has become a strong focus of research. However, the direct application of traditional two-dimensional planar coverage methods to three-dimensional space suffers fr...

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Autores principales: Gou, Pingzhang, Guo, Baoyong, Guo, Miao, Mao, Shun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679368
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020573
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author Gou, Pingzhang
Guo, Baoyong
Guo, Miao
Mao, Shun
author_facet Gou, Pingzhang
Guo, Baoyong
Guo, Miao
Mao, Shun
author_sort Gou, Pingzhang
collection PubMed
description During these years, the 3D node coverage of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks that are closer to the actual application environment has become a strong focus of research. However, the direct application of traditional two-dimensional planar coverage methods to three-dimensional space suffers from high application complexity, a low coverage rate, and a short life cycle. Most methods ignore the network life cycle when considering coverage. The network coverage and life cycle determine the quality of service (QoS) in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Thus, energy-efficient coverage enhancement is a significantly pivotal and challenging task. To solve the above task, an energy-efficient coverage enhancement method, VKECE-3D, based on 3D-Voronoi partitioning and the K-means algorithm is proposed. The quantity of active nodes is kept to a minimum while guaranteeing coverage. Firstly, based on node deployment at random, the nodes are deployed twice using a highly destructive polynomial mutation strategy to improve the uniformity of the nodes. Secondly, the optimal perceptual radius is calculated using the K-means algorithm and 3D-Voronoi partitioning to enhance the network coverage quality. Finally, a multi-hop communication and polling working mechanism are proposed to lower the nodes’ energy consumption and lengthen the network’s lifetime. Its simulation findings demonstrate that compared to other energy-efficient coverage enhancement solutions, VKECE-3D improves network coverage and greatly lengthens the network’s lifetime.
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spelling pubmed-98674572023-01-22 VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm Gou, Pingzhang Guo, Baoyong Guo, Miao Mao, Shun Sensors (Basel) Article During these years, the 3D node coverage of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks that are closer to the actual application environment has become a strong focus of research. However, the direct application of traditional two-dimensional planar coverage methods to three-dimensional space suffers from high application complexity, a low coverage rate, and a short life cycle. Most methods ignore the network life cycle when considering coverage. The network coverage and life cycle determine the quality of service (QoS) in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Thus, energy-efficient coverage enhancement is a significantly pivotal and challenging task. To solve the above task, an energy-efficient coverage enhancement method, VKECE-3D, based on 3D-Voronoi partitioning and the K-means algorithm is proposed. The quantity of active nodes is kept to a minimum while guaranteeing coverage. Firstly, based on node deployment at random, the nodes are deployed twice using a highly destructive polynomial mutation strategy to improve the uniformity of the nodes. Secondly, the optimal perceptual radius is calculated using the K-means algorithm and 3D-Voronoi partitioning to enhance the network coverage quality. Finally, a multi-hop communication and polling working mechanism are proposed to lower the nodes’ energy consumption and lengthen the network’s lifetime. Its simulation findings demonstrate that compared to other energy-efficient coverage enhancement solutions, VKECE-3D improves network coverage and greatly lengthens the network’s lifetime. MDPI 2023-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9867457/ /pubmed/36679368 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020573 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gou, Pingzhang
Guo, Baoyong
Guo, Miao
Mao, Shun
VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm
title VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm
title_full VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm
title_fullStr VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm
title_short VKECE-3D: Energy-Efficient Coverage Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 3D-Voronoi and K-Means Algorithm
title_sort vkece-3d: energy-efficient coverage enhancement in three-dimensional heterogeneous wireless sensor networks based on 3d-voronoi and k-means algorithm
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9867457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679368
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020573
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