Nitrogen and sulfur dual doped porous carbon as metal-free catalyst for oxidative degradation of 4-nitrophenol by persulfate activation

The replacement of metals in catalytic processes is highly demanded to improve sustainability and economic growth. Poor stability and metal leaching are the main drawbacks of metal-based catalytic reactions. This work represented the use of nitrogen and sulfur-co-doped mesoporous carbon material ((N, S)-MPC) as a metal-free catalyst for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a priority pollutant announced by the Environmental Protection Agency through the persulfate-based advanced oxidation process. A low amount of (N, S)-MPC catalyst (0.3 g/L) exhibited superior performance for the degradation of 4-NP within 3 h at room temperature and unadjusted pH. The COD removal was calculated to be 76% using (N, S)-MPC catalyst. Interestingly, the degradations kinetics of 4-NP followed the zero-order kinetics with the rate constant of 0.505 min(−1). The radical quenching experiment was accomplished to investigate the activation pathway of degradation. A real sample from an oil and gas company was treated with the (N, S)-MPC catalyst, which showed excellent total decontamination of 61%. The recyclability and stability of the catalyst have been evaluated for three runs. Owing to the obvious benefits such as high efficiency, metal-free nature, and recyclability, the presented catalyst can improve pollutant removal from aqueous media and practical environmental remediation.