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Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game?

Bladder cancer (BlCa) is a highly immunogenic cancer. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients and, recently, second-line immunotherapies have arisen to treat metastatic BlCa patients. Understanding the interactions between tumo...

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Autores principales: Martins-Lima, Cláudia, Chianese, Ugo, Benedetti, Rosaria, Altucci, Lucia, Jerónimo, Carmen, Correia, Margareta P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9868260/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36699696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1070383
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author Martins-Lima, Cláudia
Chianese, Ugo
Benedetti, Rosaria
Altucci, Lucia
Jerónimo, Carmen
Correia, Margareta P.
author_facet Martins-Lima, Cláudia
Chianese, Ugo
Benedetti, Rosaria
Altucci, Lucia
Jerónimo, Carmen
Correia, Margareta P.
author_sort Martins-Lima, Cláudia
collection PubMed
description Bladder cancer (BlCa) is a highly immunogenic cancer. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients and, recently, second-line immunotherapies have arisen to treat metastatic BlCa patients. Understanding the interactions between tumor cells, immune cells and soluble factors in bladder tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. Cytokines and chemokines released in the TME have a dual role, since they can exhibit both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory potential, driving infiltration and inflammation, and also promoting evasion of immune system and pro-tumoral effects. In BlCa disease, 70–80% are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, while 20–30% are muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) at the time of diagnosis. However, during the follow up, about half of treated NMIBC patients recur once or more, with 5–25% progressing to muscle-invasive bladder cancer, which represents a significant concern to the clinic. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one biological process associated with tumor progression. Specific cytokines present in bladder TME have been related with signaling pathways activation and EMT-related molecules regulation. In this review, we summarized the immune landscape in BlCa TME, along with the most relevant cytokines and their putative role in driving EMT processes, tumor progression, invasion, migration and metastasis formation.
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spelling pubmed-98682602023-01-24 Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game? Martins-Lima, Cláudia Chianese, Ugo Benedetti, Rosaria Altucci, Lucia Jerónimo, Carmen Correia, Margareta P. Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences Bladder cancer (BlCa) is a highly immunogenic cancer. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients and, recently, second-line immunotherapies have arisen to treat metastatic BlCa patients. Understanding the interactions between tumor cells, immune cells and soluble factors in bladder tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. Cytokines and chemokines released in the TME have a dual role, since they can exhibit both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory potential, driving infiltration and inflammation, and also promoting evasion of immune system and pro-tumoral effects. In BlCa disease, 70–80% are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, while 20–30% are muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) at the time of diagnosis. However, during the follow up, about half of treated NMIBC patients recur once or more, with 5–25% progressing to muscle-invasive bladder cancer, which represents a significant concern to the clinic. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one biological process associated with tumor progression. Specific cytokines present in bladder TME have been related with signaling pathways activation and EMT-related molecules regulation. In this review, we summarized the immune landscape in BlCa TME, along with the most relevant cytokines and their putative role in driving EMT processes, tumor progression, invasion, migration and metastasis formation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9868260/ /pubmed/36699696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1070383 Text en Copyright © 2023 Martins-Lima, Chianese, Benedetti, Altucci, Jerónimo and Correia. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Biosciences
Martins-Lima, Cláudia
Chianese, Ugo
Benedetti, Rosaria
Altucci, Lucia
Jerónimo, Carmen
Correia, Margareta P.
Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game?
title Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game?
title_full Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game?
title_fullStr Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game?
title_full_unstemmed Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game?
title_short Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game?
title_sort tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: cytokines in the game?
topic Molecular Biosciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9868260/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36699696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1070383
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