Anti-obesity potential of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet mice

Probiotics exert anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD) obese mice, but there are few studies on anti-obesity using heat-killed probiotics. Here, we investigated the effect of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 (K8HK) on the anti-differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and on anti-obesity in HFD mice. K8HK decreased triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Specifically, 1 × 10(9) CFU/mL K8HK showed the greatest anti-obesity effect, while the same concentration of live L. plantarum K8 (K8 Live) showed cytotoxicity. K8HK increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1, which might affect the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway activated during differentiation. As a result, the levels of transcription factors of adipogenesis such as Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) decreased in K8HK-treated cells. We also observed a decrease in the lipogenic enzymes and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). In the mouse study, oral ingestion of K8 Live and K8HK showed weight reduction and decrease in blood TG content at 12 weeks of feeding. In addition, TG synthesis was suppressed in liver and adipose tissues, and genes related to fat metabolism were suppressed. This study suggests that K8HK could be a good material to prevent obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis genes related to fat metabolism.