Effervescent powder-assisted floating organic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organochlorine pesticides in water by GC–MS

An effervescent powder-assisted floating organic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was introduced for determination of 13 organochlorine pesticides in water samples. In this method, a less toxic low-density organic solvent was used as extraction solvent. The extraction solvent was dispersed in to the aqueous sample via CO(2) bubbles, in-situ generated up on addition of water to a falcon tube containing the mixture of effervescent powder precursors as well as the extraction solvent. Various experimental parameters such as effervescent and its weight fractions, extraction solvent type and its volume, the total mass of effervescent precursors, and the effect of salt were investigated and the optimal conditions were established. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited good linearity for all target pesticides with the coefficient of determinations varying from 0.9981 to 0.9997. The limits of detection and quantification were within the range of 0.03–0.24 and 0.26–0.75 μg/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions which were expressed in terms of the relative standard deviation ranged from 0.33 to 4.47 and 0.51–5.52%, respectively. The enrichment factors and recoveries ranged from 24 to 293 and 76–116%, respectively. The proposed method could be used simple, cheap, fast, and environmentally friendly alternative for analysis of organochlorine pesticides from environmental water and other similar matrices.