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Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy

Every type of cancer tissue is theoretically more vulnerable to viral infection. This natural proclivity has been harnessed as a new anti-cancer therapy by employing oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells while providing little or no harm with no toxicity to the host....

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Autores principales: Ghasemi, Matin, Abbasi, Laleh, Ghanbari Naeini, Leila, Kokabian, Pajman, Nameh Goshay Fard, Najmeh, Givtaj, Nozar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36703982
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.950079
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author Ghasemi, Matin
Abbasi, Laleh
Ghanbari Naeini, Leila
Kokabian, Pajman
Nameh Goshay Fard, Najmeh
Givtaj, Nozar
author_facet Ghasemi, Matin
Abbasi, Laleh
Ghanbari Naeini, Leila
Kokabian, Pajman
Nameh Goshay Fard, Najmeh
Givtaj, Nozar
author_sort Ghasemi, Matin
collection PubMed
description Every type of cancer tissue is theoretically more vulnerable to viral infection. This natural proclivity has been harnessed as a new anti-cancer therapy by employing oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells while providing little or no harm with no toxicity to the host. Whereas the primary oncolytic capabilities of OVs initially sparked the greatest concern, the predominant focus of research is on the association between OVs and the host immune system. Numerous OVs are potent causal agents of class I MHC pathway-related chemicals, enabling early tumor/viral immune recognition and cytokine-mediated response. The modified OVs have been studied for their ability to bind to dendritic cells (DCs) by expressing growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and defensins inside the viral genome. OVs, like reovirus, can directly infect DCs, causing them to release chemokines and cytokines that attract and excite natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, OVs can directly alter cancer cells’ sensitivity to NK by altering the expression levels of NK cell activators and inhibitors on cancerous cells. Therefore, NK cells and DCs in modulating the therapeutic response should be considered when developing and improving future OV-based therapeutics, whether modified to express transgenes or used in combination with other drugs/immunotherapies. Concerning the close relationship between NK cells and DCs in the potential of OVs to kill tumor cells, we explore how DCs and NK cells in tumor microenvironment affect oncolytic virotherapy and summarize additional information about the interaction mentioned above in detail in this work.
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spelling pubmed-98718312023-01-25 Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy Ghasemi, Matin Abbasi, Laleh Ghanbari Naeini, Leila Kokabian, Pajman Nameh Goshay Fard, Najmeh Givtaj, Nozar Front Immunol Immunology Every type of cancer tissue is theoretically more vulnerable to viral infection. This natural proclivity has been harnessed as a new anti-cancer therapy by employing oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells while providing little or no harm with no toxicity to the host. Whereas the primary oncolytic capabilities of OVs initially sparked the greatest concern, the predominant focus of research is on the association between OVs and the host immune system. Numerous OVs are potent causal agents of class I MHC pathway-related chemicals, enabling early tumor/viral immune recognition and cytokine-mediated response. The modified OVs have been studied for their ability to bind to dendritic cells (DCs) by expressing growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and defensins inside the viral genome. OVs, like reovirus, can directly infect DCs, causing them to release chemokines and cytokines that attract and excite natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, OVs can directly alter cancer cells’ sensitivity to NK by altering the expression levels of NK cell activators and inhibitors on cancerous cells. Therefore, NK cells and DCs in modulating the therapeutic response should be considered when developing and improving future OV-based therapeutics, whether modified to express transgenes or used in combination with other drugs/immunotherapies. Concerning the close relationship between NK cells and DCs in the potential of OVs to kill tumor cells, we explore how DCs and NK cells in tumor microenvironment affect oncolytic virotherapy and summarize additional information about the interaction mentioned above in detail in this work. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9871831/ /pubmed/36703982 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.950079 Text en Copyright © 2023 Ghasemi, Abbasi, Ghanbari Naeini, Kokabian, Nameh Goshay Fard and Givtaj https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ghasemi, Matin
Abbasi, Laleh
Ghanbari Naeini, Leila
Kokabian, Pajman
Nameh Goshay Fard, Najmeh
Givtaj, Nozar
Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy
title Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy
title_full Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy
title_fullStr Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy
title_short Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy
title_sort dendritic cells and natural killer cells: the road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36703982
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.950079
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