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The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Experiencing acute stress is common in behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder. Additionally, like most substance-induced addictions, aberrant decision-making wherein a reactive habit-induced response (conceptualized as a Model-free [MF] in reinforcement learning) suppre...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Akadémiai Kiadó
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9872530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36112488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00059 |
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author | Wyckmans, Florent Banerjee, Nilosmita Saeremans, Mélanie Otto, Ross Kornreich, Charles Vanderijst, Laetitia Gruson, Damien Carbone, Vincenzo Bechara, Antoine Buchanan, Tony Noël, Xavier |
author_facet | Wyckmans, Florent Banerjee, Nilosmita Saeremans, Mélanie Otto, Ross Kornreich, Charles Vanderijst, Laetitia Gruson, Damien Carbone, Vincenzo Bechara, Antoine Buchanan, Tony Noël, Xavier |
author_sort | Wyckmans, Florent |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Experiencing acute stress is common in behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder. Additionally, like most substance-induced addictions, aberrant decision-making wherein a reactive habit-induced response (conceptualized as a Model-free [MF] in reinforcement learning) suppresses a flexible goal-directed response (conceptualized as a Model-based [MB]) is also common in gambling disorder. In the current study we investigated the influence of acute stress on the balance between habitual response and the goal-directed system. METHODS: A sample of N = 116 problem gamblers (PG) and healthy controls (HC) performed an acute stress task – the Socially Evaluated Cold pressure task (SECPT) – or a control task. Self-reported stress and salivary cortisol were collected as measures of acute stress. Following the SECPT, participants performed the Two-Step Markov Task to account for the relative contribution of MB and MF strategies. Additionally, verbal working memory and IQ measures were collected to account for their mediating effects on the orchestration between MB/MF and the impact of stress. RESULTS: Both groups had comparable baseline and stress-induced cortisol response to the SECPT. Non-stressed PG displayed lower MB learning than HC. MANOVA and regression analyses showed a deleterious effect of stress-induced cortisol response on the orchestration between MB and MF learning in HC but not in PG. These effects remained when controlling for working memory and IQ. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We found an abnormal pattern of modulation of stress on the orchestration between MB and MF learning among PG. Several interpretations and future research directions are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9872530 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Akadémiai Kiadó |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98725302023-02-01 The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder Wyckmans, Florent Banerjee, Nilosmita Saeremans, Mélanie Otto, Ross Kornreich, Charles Vanderijst, Laetitia Gruson, Damien Carbone, Vincenzo Bechara, Antoine Buchanan, Tony Noël, Xavier J Behav Addict Article BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Experiencing acute stress is common in behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder. Additionally, like most substance-induced addictions, aberrant decision-making wherein a reactive habit-induced response (conceptualized as a Model-free [MF] in reinforcement learning) suppresses a flexible goal-directed response (conceptualized as a Model-based [MB]) is also common in gambling disorder. In the current study we investigated the influence of acute stress on the balance between habitual response and the goal-directed system. METHODS: A sample of N = 116 problem gamblers (PG) and healthy controls (HC) performed an acute stress task – the Socially Evaluated Cold pressure task (SECPT) – or a control task. Self-reported stress and salivary cortisol were collected as measures of acute stress. Following the SECPT, participants performed the Two-Step Markov Task to account for the relative contribution of MB and MF strategies. Additionally, verbal working memory and IQ measures were collected to account for their mediating effects on the orchestration between MB/MF and the impact of stress. RESULTS: Both groups had comparable baseline and stress-induced cortisol response to the SECPT. Non-stressed PG displayed lower MB learning than HC. MANOVA and regression analyses showed a deleterious effect of stress-induced cortisol response on the orchestration between MB and MF learning in HC but not in PG. These effects remained when controlling for working memory and IQ. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We found an abnormal pattern of modulation of stress on the orchestration between MB and MF learning among PG. Several interpretations and future research directions are discussed. Akadémiai Kiadó 2022-09-16 2022-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9872530/ /pubmed/36112488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00059 Text en © 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Open Access. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated. |
spellingShingle | Article Wyckmans, Florent Banerjee, Nilosmita Saeremans, Mélanie Otto, Ross Kornreich, Charles Vanderijst, Laetitia Gruson, Damien Carbone, Vincenzo Bechara, Antoine Buchanan, Tony Noël, Xavier The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder |
title | The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder |
title_full | The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder |
title_fullStr | The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder |
title_full_unstemmed | The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder |
title_short | The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder |
title_sort | modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9872530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36112488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00059 |
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