Cargando…
An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks
Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) include a large number of drones, which communicate with each other based on an ad hoc model. These networks provide new opportunities for various applications such as military, industrial, and civilian applications. However, FANETs have faced with many challenges lik...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9873979/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36693862 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27567-7 |
_version_ | 1784877700927717376 |
---|---|
author | Lansky, Jan Rahmani, Amir Masoud Malik, Mazhar Hussain Yousefpoor, Efat Yousefpoor, Mohammad Sadegh Khan, Muhammad Umair Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi |
author_facet | Lansky, Jan Rahmani, Amir Masoud Malik, Mazhar Hussain Yousefpoor, Efat Yousefpoor, Mohammad Sadegh Khan, Muhammad Umair Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi |
author_sort | Lansky, Jan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) include a large number of drones, which communicate with each other based on an ad hoc model. These networks provide new opportunities for various applications such as military, industrial, and civilian applications. However, FANETs have faced with many challenges like high-speed nodes, low density, and rapid changes in the topology. As a result, routing is a challenging issue in these networks. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware routing scheme in FANETs. This scheme is inspired by the optimized link state routing (OLSR). In the proposed routing scheme, we estimate the connection quality between two flying nodes using a new technique, which utilizes two parameters, including ratio of sent/received of hello packets and connection time. Also, our proposed method selects multipoint relays (MPRs) using the firefly algorithm. It chooses a node with high residual energy, high connection quality, more neighborhood degree, and higher willingness as MPR. Finally, our proposed scheme creates routes between different nodes based on energy and connection quality. Our proposed routing scheme is simulated using the network simulator version 3 (NS3). We compare its simulation results with the greedy optimized link state routing (G-OLSR) and the optimized link state routing (OLSR). These results show that our method outperforms G-OLSR and OLSR in terms of delay, packet delivery rate, throughput, and energy consumption. However, our proposed routing scheme increases slightly routing overhead compared to G-OLSR. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9873979 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98739792023-01-26 An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks Lansky, Jan Rahmani, Amir Masoud Malik, Mazhar Hussain Yousefpoor, Efat Yousefpoor, Mohammad Sadegh Khan, Muhammad Umair Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Sci Rep Article Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) include a large number of drones, which communicate with each other based on an ad hoc model. These networks provide new opportunities for various applications such as military, industrial, and civilian applications. However, FANETs have faced with many challenges like high-speed nodes, low density, and rapid changes in the topology. As a result, routing is a challenging issue in these networks. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware routing scheme in FANETs. This scheme is inspired by the optimized link state routing (OLSR). In the proposed routing scheme, we estimate the connection quality between two flying nodes using a new technique, which utilizes two parameters, including ratio of sent/received of hello packets and connection time. Also, our proposed method selects multipoint relays (MPRs) using the firefly algorithm. It chooses a node with high residual energy, high connection quality, more neighborhood degree, and higher willingness as MPR. Finally, our proposed scheme creates routes between different nodes based on energy and connection quality. Our proposed routing scheme is simulated using the network simulator version 3 (NS3). We compare its simulation results with the greedy optimized link state routing (G-OLSR) and the optimized link state routing (OLSR). These results show that our method outperforms G-OLSR and OLSR in terms of delay, packet delivery rate, throughput, and energy consumption. However, our proposed routing scheme increases slightly routing overhead compared to G-OLSR. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9873979/ /pubmed/36693862 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27567-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Lansky, Jan Rahmani, Amir Masoud Malik, Mazhar Hussain Yousefpoor, Efat Yousefpoor, Mohammad Sadegh Khan, Muhammad Umair Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
title | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
title_full | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
title_fullStr | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
title_full_unstemmed | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
title_short | An energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
title_sort | energy-aware routing method using firefly algorithm for flying ad hoc networks |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9873979/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36693862 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27567-7 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lanskyjan anenergyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT rahmaniamirmasoud anenergyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT malikmazharhussain anenergyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT yousefpoorefat anenergyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT yousefpoormohammadsadegh anenergyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT khanmuhammadumair anenergyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT hosseinzadehmehdi anenergyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT lanskyjan energyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT rahmaniamirmasoud energyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT malikmazharhussain energyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT yousefpoorefat energyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT yousefpoormohammadsadegh energyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT khanmuhammadumair energyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks AT hosseinzadehmehdi energyawareroutingmethodusingfireflyalgorithmforflyingadhocnetworks |