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Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework

BACKGROUND: The initial policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic has differed widely across countries. Such variability in government interventions has made it difficult for policymakers and health research systems to compare what has happened and the effectiveness of interventions across nations. T...

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Autores principales: Moy, Naomi, Antonini, Marcello, Kyhlstedt, Mattias, Fiorentini, Gianluca, Paolucci, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9875766/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36698139
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00951-x
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author Moy, Naomi
Antonini, Marcello
Kyhlstedt, Mattias
Fiorentini, Gianluca
Paolucci, Francesco
author_facet Moy, Naomi
Antonini, Marcello
Kyhlstedt, Mattias
Fiorentini, Gianluca
Paolucci, Francesco
author_sort Moy, Naomi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The initial policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic has differed widely across countries. Such variability in government interventions has made it difficult for policymakers and health research systems to compare what has happened and the effectiveness of interventions across nations. Timely information and analysis are crucial to addressing the lag between the pandemic and government responses to implement targeted interventions to alleviate the impact of the pandemic. METHODS: To examine the effect government interventions and technological responses have on epidemiological and economic outcomes, this policy paper proposes a conceptual framework that provides a qualitative taxonomy of government policy directives implemented in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic announcement and before vaccines are implementable. This framework assigns a gradient indicating the intensity and extent of the policy measures and applies the gradient to four countries that share similar institutional features but different COVID-19 experiences: Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. RESULTS: Using the categorisation framework allows qualitative information to be presented, and more specifically the gradient can show the dynamic impact of policy interventions on specific outcomes. We have observed that the policy categorisation described here can be used by decision-makers to examine the impacts of major viral outbreaks such as SARS-CoV-2 on health and economic outcomes over time. The framework allows for a visualisation of the frequency and comparison of dominant policies and provides a conceptual tool to assess how dominant interventions (and innovations) affect different sets of health and non-health related outcomes during the response phase to the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Policymakers and health researchers should converge toward an optimal set of policy interventions to minimize the costs of the pandemic (i.e., health and economic), and facilitate coordination across governance levels before effective vaccines are produced. The proposed framework provides a useful tool to direct health research system resources and build a policy benchmark for future viral outbreaks where vaccines are not readily available.
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spelling pubmed-98757662023-01-25 Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework Moy, Naomi Antonini, Marcello Kyhlstedt, Mattias Fiorentini, Gianluca Paolucci, Francesco Health Res Policy Syst Research BACKGROUND: The initial policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic has differed widely across countries. Such variability in government interventions has made it difficult for policymakers and health research systems to compare what has happened and the effectiveness of interventions across nations. Timely information and analysis are crucial to addressing the lag between the pandemic and government responses to implement targeted interventions to alleviate the impact of the pandemic. METHODS: To examine the effect government interventions and technological responses have on epidemiological and economic outcomes, this policy paper proposes a conceptual framework that provides a qualitative taxonomy of government policy directives implemented in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic announcement and before vaccines are implementable. This framework assigns a gradient indicating the intensity and extent of the policy measures and applies the gradient to four countries that share similar institutional features but different COVID-19 experiences: Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. RESULTS: Using the categorisation framework allows qualitative information to be presented, and more specifically the gradient can show the dynamic impact of policy interventions on specific outcomes. We have observed that the policy categorisation described here can be used by decision-makers to examine the impacts of major viral outbreaks such as SARS-CoV-2 on health and economic outcomes over time. The framework allows for a visualisation of the frequency and comparison of dominant policies and provides a conceptual tool to assess how dominant interventions (and innovations) affect different sets of health and non-health related outcomes during the response phase to the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Policymakers and health researchers should converge toward an optimal set of policy interventions to minimize the costs of the pandemic (i.e., health and economic), and facilitate coordination across governance levels before effective vaccines are produced. The proposed framework provides a useful tool to direct health research system resources and build a policy benchmark for future viral outbreaks where vaccines are not readily available. BioMed Central 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9875766/ /pubmed/36698139 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00951-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Moy, Naomi
Antonini, Marcello
Kyhlstedt, Mattias
Fiorentini, Gianluca
Paolucci, Francesco
Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework
title Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework
title_full Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework
title_fullStr Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework
title_full_unstemmed Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework
title_short Standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework
title_sort standardising policy and technology responses in the immediate aftermath of a pandemic: a comparative and conceptual framework
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9875766/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36698139
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00951-x
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