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Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)

BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a significant public health problem within China. By observing dietary patterns, an individual’s actual dietary habit of nutrients or foods in combination can be identified. We aimed to examine dietary patterns in relation to the risk of obesity (body mass index (BMI)...

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Main Authors: Chen, Yang, Kang, Minji, Kim, Hyojin, Xu, Wanghong, Lee, Jung Eun
Format: Online Article Text
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876275/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696382
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279625
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author Chen, Yang
Kang, Minji
Kim, Hyojin
Xu, Wanghong
Lee, Jung Eun
author_facet Chen, Yang
Kang, Minji
Kim, Hyojin
Xu, Wanghong
Lee, Jung Eun
author_sort Chen, Yang
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a significant public health problem within China. By observing dietary patterns, an individual’s actual dietary habit of nutrients or foods in combination can be identified. We aimed to examine dietary patterns in relation to the risk of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) and weight change (average weight change per five years) within a Chinese cohort. METHODS: We analyzed the data from 6,677 adults aged 18–65 years in the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997–2015. Westernized, traditional Chinese, and high-starch plant-based dietary patterns were identified by principal components analysis. We estimated relative risks (RRs) and least-squares means (LS-means) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazards models and the generalized linear models, respectively. RESULTS: High adherence to the Westernized dietary pattern was associated with increased risks of obesity and weight gain. Comparing top with bottom quintiles, RR (95% CI) for obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) was 1.57 (1.26–1.95; P for trend < 0.001). LS-means of weight change (kg/5 years) were 1.73 (0.98–2.47) and 1.13 (0.39–1.87; P for trend = 0.036) in the top and bottom quintiles, respectively. Increased weight gain among those following the Westernized dietary pattern was stronger in the Southern region than the Northern region. There was a slight hint of an inverse association between the traditional Chinese dietary pattern and obesity. We did not find any significant association for the high-starch plant-based dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The Westernized dietary pattern increased the risk of obesity among Chinese adults. Weight gain associated with Western dietary pattern was more pronounced in the Southern region than in the Northern region. Our study will provide helpful data in developing dietary guidelines for the prevention of obesity specific to different regions in China.
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spelling pubmed-98762752023-01-26 Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) Chen, Yang Kang, Minji Kim, Hyojin Xu, Wanghong Lee, Jung Eun PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a significant public health problem within China. By observing dietary patterns, an individual’s actual dietary habit of nutrients or foods in combination can be identified. We aimed to examine dietary patterns in relation to the risk of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) and weight change (average weight change per five years) within a Chinese cohort. METHODS: We analyzed the data from 6,677 adults aged 18–65 years in the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997–2015. Westernized, traditional Chinese, and high-starch plant-based dietary patterns were identified by principal components analysis. We estimated relative risks (RRs) and least-squares means (LS-means) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazards models and the generalized linear models, respectively. RESULTS: High adherence to the Westernized dietary pattern was associated with increased risks of obesity and weight gain. Comparing top with bottom quintiles, RR (95% CI) for obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) was 1.57 (1.26–1.95; P for trend < 0.001). LS-means of weight change (kg/5 years) were 1.73 (0.98–2.47) and 1.13 (0.39–1.87; P for trend = 0.036) in the top and bottom quintiles, respectively. Increased weight gain among those following the Westernized dietary pattern was stronger in the Southern region than the Northern region. There was a slight hint of an inverse association between the traditional Chinese dietary pattern and obesity. We did not find any significant association for the high-starch plant-based dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The Westernized dietary pattern increased the risk of obesity among Chinese adults. Weight gain associated with Western dietary pattern was more pronounced in the Southern region than in the Northern region. Our study will provide helpful data in developing dietary guidelines for the prevention of obesity specific to different regions in China. Public Library of Science 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9876275/ /pubmed/36696382 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279625 Text en © 2023 Chen et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Chen, Yang
Kang, Minji
Kim, Hyojin
Xu, Wanghong
Lee, Jung Eun
Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
title Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
title_full Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
title_fullStr Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
title_full_unstemmed Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
title_short Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
title_sort associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: evidence from the china health and nutrition survey (chns)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876275/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696382
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279625
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