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Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study
BACKGROUND: To explore an influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown on ocular axial elongation in school children in Russia. METHODS: The participants of the school-based Ufa Children Myopia Study in Ufa/Russia underwent, at baseline in 2019/2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak and after a COVID-19-re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876376/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279020 |
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author | Bikbov, Mukharram M. Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Tuliakova, Azaliia M. Rakhimova, Ellina M. Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Gilemzianova, Leisan I. Garipova, Liana A. Khakimov, Dinar A. Jonas, Jost B. |
author_facet | Bikbov, Mukharram M. Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Tuliakova, Azaliia M. Rakhimova, Ellina M. Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Gilemzianova, Leisan I. Garipova, Liana A. Khakimov, Dinar A. Jonas, Jost B. |
author_sort | Bikbov, Mukharram M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: To explore an influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown on ocular axial elongation in school children in Russia. METHODS: The participants of the school-based Ufa Children Myopia Study in Ufa/Russia underwent, at baseline in 2019/2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak and after a COVID-19-related lockdown, a detailed interview and ophthalmological examination including laser interferometric biometry for axial length measurement. RESULTS: The study included 461 children (age:10.7±2.1 years;range:6.8–16.9 years). The mean follow-up was 1.41±0.33 years. Mean axial length at baseline was 23.96±0.95mm and 23.94±0.95mm in the right and left eyes, respectively. During the study period, annual axial elongation (right/left eyes) was 0.19±0.17mm/0.19±0.22mm. Before the COVID-19 lockdown, the age-dependent coefficient for axial length (ADCAL) for the right/left eyes was 0.21mm (95%CI:0.17,0.25)/0.20mm (95%CI:0.16,0.24). In children younger than 9.6 years (n = 157), annual axial elongation (right eyes) during the study period was larger than the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.29 mm (95%:0.00,0.66) versus 0.21 mm (95%CI:0.02,0.41)). In the groups aged 9.6 to 11.4 years (n = 148) and aged >11.4 years (n = 156), annual axial elongation during the study period was comparable to the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.18mm (95%CI:-0.07,0.46) versus 0.22mm (95%CI:-0.05,0.48), and (0.09mm (95%CI:-0.15,0.34) versus 0.14mm (95%CI:0.00,0.28), respectively). In children aged ≤9 years at study end, axial length at study end was 0.20 mm larger than axial length at baseline in the participants aged ≤9 years at baseline. Larger axial elongation during the study period was associated (multivariable analysis) with younger age (beta:-0.62;P<0.001), female sex (beta:0.21;P<0.001), longer study period (beta:0.22;P<0.001), and longer axial length at baseline (beta:0.28;P<0.001), and marginally, with less time spent outdoors (beta:-0.07;P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19-related lockdown in the Russian city of Ufa was associated with a relatively minor increase in axial elongation, detected only in children aged <9.6 years. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9876376 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98763762023-01-26 Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study Bikbov, Mukharram M. Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Tuliakova, Azaliia M. Rakhimova, Ellina M. Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Gilemzianova, Leisan I. Garipova, Liana A. Khakimov, Dinar A. Jonas, Jost B. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: To explore an influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown on ocular axial elongation in school children in Russia. METHODS: The participants of the school-based Ufa Children Myopia Study in Ufa/Russia underwent, at baseline in 2019/2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak and after a COVID-19-related lockdown, a detailed interview and ophthalmological examination including laser interferometric biometry for axial length measurement. RESULTS: The study included 461 children (age:10.7±2.1 years;range:6.8–16.9 years). The mean follow-up was 1.41±0.33 years. Mean axial length at baseline was 23.96±0.95mm and 23.94±0.95mm in the right and left eyes, respectively. During the study period, annual axial elongation (right/left eyes) was 0.19±0.17mm/0.19±0.22mm. Before the COVID-19 lockdown, the age-dependent coefficient for axial length (ADCAL) for the right/left eyes was 0.21mm (95%CI:0.17,0.25)/0.20mm (95%CI:0.16,0.24). In children younger than 9.6 years (n = 157), annual axial elongation (right eyes) during the study period was larger than the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.29 mm (95%:0.00,0.66) versus 0.21 mm (95%CI:0.02,0.41)). In the groups aged 9.6 to 11.4 years (n = 148) and aged >11.4 years (n = 156), annual axial elongation during the study period was comparable to the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.18mm (95%CI:-0.07,0.46) versus 0.22mm (95%CI:-0.05,0.48), and (0.09mm (95%CI:-0.15,0.34) versus 0.14mm (95%CI:0.00,0.28), respectively). In children aged ≤9 years at study end, axial length at study end was 0.20 mm larger than axial length at baseline in the participants aged ≤9 years at baseline. Larger axial elongation during the study period was associated (multivariable analysis) with younger age (beta:-0.62;P<0.001), female sex (beta:0.21;P<0.001), longer study period (beta:0.22;P<0.001), and longer axial length at baseline (beta:0.28;P<0.001), and marginally, with less time spent outdoors (beta:-0.07;P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19-related lockdown in the Russian city of Ufa was associated with a relatively minor increase in axial elongation, detected only in children aged <9.6 years. Public Library of Science 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9876376/ /pubmed/36696436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279020 Text en © 2023 Bikbov et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bikbov, Mukharram M. Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Tuliakova, Azaliia M. Rakhimova, Ellina M. Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Gilemzianova, Leisan I. Garipova, Liana A. Khakimov, Dinar A. Jonas, Jost B. Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study |
title | Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study |
title_full | Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study |
title_fullStr | Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study |
title_short | Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study |
title_sort | myopic axial elongation in school children and the covid-19 lockdown in russia: the ural children myopia study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876376/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279020 |
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