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Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study

BACKGROUND: To explore an influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown on ocular axial elongation in school children in Russia. METHODS: The participants of the school-based Ufa Children Myopia Study in Ufa/Russia underwent, at baseline in 2019/2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak and after a COVID-19-re...

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Autores principales: Bikbov, Mukharram M., Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Fakhretdinova, Albina A., Tuliakova, Azaliia M., Rakhimova, Ellina M., Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Gilemzianova, Leisan I., Garipova, Liana A., Khakimov, Dinar A., Jonas, Jost B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876376/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696436
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279020
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author Bikbov, Mukharram M.
Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.
Fakhretdinova, Albina A.
Tuliakova, Azaliia M.
Rakhimova, Ellina M.
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Gilemzianova, Leisan I.
Garipova, Liana A.
Khakimov, Dinar A.
Jonas, Jost B.
author_facet Bikbov, Mukharram M.
Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.
Fakhretdinova, Albina A.
Tuliakova, Azaliia M.
Rakhimova, Ellina M.
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Gilemzianova, Leisan I.
Garipova, Liana A.
Khakimov, Dinar A.
Jonas, Jost B.
author_sort Bikbov, Mukharram M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: To explore an influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown on ocular axial elongation in school children in Russia. METHODS: The participants of the school-based Ufa Children Myopia Study in Ufa/Russia underwent, at baseline in 2019/2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak and after a COVID-19-related lockdown, a detailed interview and ophthalmological examination including laser interferometric biometry for axial length measurement. RESULTS: The study included 461 children (age:10.7±2.1 years;range:6.8–16.9 years). The mean follow-up was 1.41±0.33 years. Mean axial length at baseline was 23.96±0.95mm and 23.94±0.95mm in the right and left eyes, respectively. During the study period, annual axial elongation (right/left eyes) was 0.19±0.17mm/0.19±0.22mm. Before the COVID-19 lockdown, the age-dependent coefficient for axial length (ADCAL) for the right/left eyes was 0.21mm (95%CI:0.17,0.25)/0.20mm (95%CI:0.16,0.24). In children younger than 9.6 years (n = 157), annual axial elongation (right eyes) during the study period was larger than the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.29 mm (95%:0.00,0.66) versus 0.21 mm (95%CI:0.02,0.41)). In the groups aged 9.6 to 11.4 years (n = 148) and aged >11.4 years (n = 156), annual axial elongation during the study period was comparable to the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.18mm (95%CI:-0.07,0.46) versus 0.22mm (95%CI:-0.05,0.48), and (0.09mm (95%CI:-0.15,0.34) versus 0.14mm (95%CI:0.00,0.28), respectively). In children aged ≤9 years at study end, axial length at study end was 0.20 mm larger than axial length at baseline in the participants aged ≤9 years at baseline. Larger axial elongation during the study period was associated (multivariable analysis) with younger age (beta:-0.62;P<0.001), female sex (beta:0.21;P<0.001), longer study period (beta:0.22;P<0.001), and longer axial length at baseline (beta:0.28;P<0.001), and marginally, with less time spent outdoors (beta:-0.07;P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19-related lockdown in the Russian city of Ufa was associated with a relatively minor increase in axial elongation, detected only in children aged <9.6 years.
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spelling pubmed-98763762023-01-26 Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study Bikbov, Mukharram M. Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Tuliakova, Azaliia M. Rakhimova, Ellina M. Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Gilemzianova, Leisan I. Garipova, Liana A. Khakimov, Dinar A. Jonas, Jost B. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: To explore an influence of the COVID-19-related lockdown on ocular axial elongation in school children in Russia. METHODS: The participants of the school-based Ufa Children Myopia Study in Ufa/Russia underwent, at baseline in 2019/2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak and after a COVID-19-related lockdown, a detailed interview and ophthalmological examination including laser interferometric biometry for axial length measurement. RESULTS: The study included 461 children (age:10.7±2.1 years;range:6.8–16.9 years). The mean follow-up was 1.41±0.33 years. Mean axial length at baseline was 23.96±0.95mm and 23.94±0.95mm in the right and left eyes, respectively. During the study period, annual axial elongation (right/left eyes) was 0.19±0.17mm/0.19±0.22mm. Before the COVID-19 lockdown, the age-dependent coefficient for axial length (ADCAL) for the right/left eyes was 0.21mm (95%CI:0.17,0.25)/0.20mm (95%CI:0.16,0.24). In children younger than 9.6 years (n = 157), annual axial elongation (right eyes) during the study period was larger than the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.29 mm (95%:0.00,0.66) versus 0.21 mm (95%CI:0.02,0.41)). In the groups aged 9.6 to 11.4 years (n = 148) and aged >11.4 years (n = 156), annual axial elongation during the study period was comparable to the ADCAL before the COVID-19 outbreak (0.18mm (95%CI:-0.07,0.46) versus 0.22mm (95%CI:-0.05,0.48), and (0.09mm (95%CI:-0.15,0.34) versus 0.14mm (95%CI:0.00,0.28), respectively). In children aged ≤9 years at study end, axial length at study end was 0.20 mm larger than axial length at baseline in the participants aged ≤9 years at baseline. Larger axial elongation during the study period was associated (multivariable analysis) with younger age (beta:-0.62;P<0.001), female sex (beta:0.21;P<0.001), longer study period (beta:0.22;P<0.001), and longer axial length at baseline (beta:0.28;P<0.001), and marginally, with less time spent outdoors (beta:-0.07;P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19-related lockdown in the Russian city of Ufa was associated with a relatively minor increase in axial elongation, detected only in children aged <9.6 years. Public Library of Science 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9876376/ /pubmed/36696436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279020 Text en © 2023 Bikbov et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bikbov, Mukharram M.
Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.
Fakhretdinova, Albina A.
Tuliakova, Azaliia M.
Rakhimova, Ellina M.
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Gilemzianova, Leisan I.
Garipova, Liana A.
Khakimov, Dinar A.
Jonas, Jost B.
Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study
title Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study
title_full Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study
title_fullStr Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study
title_full_unstemmed Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study
title_short Myopic axial elongation in school children and the COVID-19 lockdown in Russia: The Ural Children Myopia Study
title_sort myopic axial elongation in school children and the covid-19 lockdown in russia: the ural children myopia study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876376/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696436
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279020
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