Quantitative indicators of street lighting with mood, fatigue, mental workload and sleepiness in car drivers: Using generalized structural equation modeling

Inadequate lighting will be associated with some degree of perceptual error such as sleepiness. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between mood, fatigue, mental workload, and sleepiness and their relationship with quantitative indicators of street lighting in passenger car drivers. The present study was a cross-sectional study that was performed on 270 drivers of passenger cars. The quantitative indices of lighting studied were illuminance, luminance, uniformity, and disability glare which were calculated using the Hagner device (EC1-L) and according to EN 13201 standard. Alertness and mood indices, fatigue scale (SAMN-PERELLI), mental workload (NASA-TLX), positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) were used. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was used to investigate the relationship between mood, fatigue, mental workload, and drivers' sleepiness. Data analysis was performed in version 26 of SPSS software and version 14 of Stata software There is a significant relationship between illuminance and mood (P < 0.001). There is a significant relationship between the degree of disability glare on the streets and the mood (P = 0.006). There is a significant relationship between fatigue score and mood (P < 0.001) so that with increasing one unit in fatigue scale, mood score decreases by 0.669 units (P < 0.001). Finally, it can be assured that lighting interventions can be done as an effective way to increase alertness and reduce fatigue and the mental workload of drivers with the aim of reducing night traffic accidents.