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Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification
To date, microplastic is ubiquitously encountered in the environment. Studies analyzing microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems, including animal feces and feed, are few. Microplastic quantification method validation and harmonization are not yet far developed. For the analysis of small microplastic,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876835/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36711289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12811 |
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author | Toto, Benuarda Refosco, Alice Dierkes, Jutta Kögel, Tanja |
author_facet | Toto, Benuarda Refosco, Alice Dierkes, Jutta Kögel, Tanja |
author_sort | Toto, Benuarda |
collection | PubMed |
description | To date, microplastic is ubiquitously encountered in the environment. Studies analyzing microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems, including animal feces and feed, are few. Microplastic quantification method validation and harmonization are not yet far developed. For the analysis of small microplastic, approximately <0.5 mm, extraction from organic and inorganic materials is fundamental prior to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Method validation, including recovery studies, are necessary throughout the analytical chain. In this study, we developed an optimized, efficient protocol with a duration of 72 h for the digestion of laboratory rat feed and feces. A combination of a mild acidic (H(2)O(2) 15%; HNO(3) 5%) and an alkaline treatment (10% KOH) dissolving the previous filter, followed by enzymatic digestion (Viscozyme®L) proved to be efficient for the extraction and identification of spiked polyamide (15–20 μm) and polyethylene (40–48 μm) from feed and feces samples from rats, showing high recovery rates. Extracted rat feces samples from an in vivo study in which Wistar rats were fed with feed containing microplastic were analyzed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry, quantifying recovered microplastic in rat feces in environmentally relevant concentrations. The presented three-step protocol provides a suitable, time and cost-effective method to extract microplastic from rat feed and feces. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9876835 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98768352023-01-27 Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification Toto, Benuarda Refosco, Alice Dierkes, Jutta Kögel, Tanja Heliyon Research Article To date, microplastic is ubiquitously encountered in the environment. Studies analyzing microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems, including animal feces and feed, are few. Microplastic quantification method validation and harmonization are not yet far developed. For the analysis of small microplastic, approximately <0.5 mm, extraction from organic and inorganic materials is fundamental prior to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Method validation, including recovery studies, are necessary throughout the analytical chain. In this study, we developed an optimized, efficient protocol with a duration of 72 h for the digestion of laboratory rat feed and feces. A combination of a mild acidic (H(2)O(2) 15%; HNO(3) 5%) and an alkaline treatment (10% KOH) dissolving the previous filter, followed by enzymatic digestion (Viscozyme®L) proved to be efficient for the extraction and identification of spiked polyamide (15–20 μm) and polyethylene (40–48 μm) from feed and feces samples from rats, showing high recovery rates. Extracted rat feces samples from an in vivo study in which Wistar rats were fed with feed containing microplastic were analyzed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry, quantifying recovered microplastic in rat feces in environmentally relevant concentrations. The presented three-step protocol provides a suitable, time and cost-effective method to extract microplastic from rat feed and feces. Elsevier 2023-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9876835/ /pubmed/36711289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12811 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Research Article Toto, Benuarda Refosco, Alice Dierkes, Jutta Kögel, Tanja Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
title | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
title_full | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
title_fullStr | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
title_full_unstemmed | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
title_short | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
title_sort | efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876835/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36711289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12811 |
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