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Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities

Anthropogenic stressors from climate change can affect individual species, community structure, and ecosystem function. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are intense thermal anomalies where water temperature is significantly elevated for five or more days. Climate projections suggest an increase in the freque...

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Autores principales: Ziegler, Shelby L., Johnson, Jasmin M., Brooks, Rachel O., Johnston, Erin M., Mohay, Jacklyn L., Ruttenberg, Benjamin I., Starr, Richard M., Waltz, Grant T., Wendt, Dean E., Hamilton, Scott L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876911/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36697490
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28507-1
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author Ziegler, Shelby L.
Johnson, Jasmin M.
Brooks, Rachel O.
Johnston, Erin M.
Mohay, Jacklyn L.
Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.
Starr, Richard M.
Waltz, Grant T.
Wendt, Dean E.
Hamilton, Scott L.
author_facet Ziegler, Shelby L.
Johnson, Jasmin M.
Brooks, Rachel O.
Johnston, Erin M.
Mohay, Jacklyn L.
Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.
Starr, Richard M.
Waltz, Grant T.
Wendt, Dean E.
Hamilton, Scott L.
author_sort Ziegler, Shelby L.
collection PubMed
description Anthropogenic stressors from climate change can affect individual species, community structure, and ecosystem function. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are intense thermal anomalies where water temperature is significantly elevated for five or more days. Climate projections suggest an increase in the frequency and severity of MHWs in the coming decades. While there is evidence that marine protected areas (MPAs) may be able to buffer individual species from climate impacts, there is not sufficient evidence to support the idea that MPAs can mitigate large-scale changes in marine communities in response to MHWs. California experienced an intense MHW and subsequent El Niño Southern Oscillation event from 2014 to 2016. We sought to examine changes in rocky reef fish communities at four MPAs and associated reference sites in relation to the MHW. We observed a decline in taxonomic diversity and a profound shift in trophic diversity inside and outside MPAs following the MHW. However, MPAs seemed to dampen the loss of trophic diversity and in the four years following the MHW, taxonomic diversity recovered 75% faster in the MPAs compared to reference sites. Our results suggest that MPAs may contribute to long-term resilience of nearshore fish communities through both resistance to change and recovery from warming events.
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spelling pubmed-98769112023-01-27 Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities Ziegler, Shelby L. Johnson, Jasmin M. Brooks, Rachel O. Johnston, Erin M. Mohay, Jacklyn L. Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. Starr, Richard M. Waltz, Grant T. Wendt, Dean E. Hamilton, Scott L. Sci Rep Article Anthropogenic stressors from climate change can affect individual species, community structure, and ecosystem function. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are intense thermal anomalies where water temperature is significantly elevated for five or more days. Climate projections suggest an increase in the frequency and severity of MHWs in the coming decades. While there is evidence that marine protected areas (MPAs) may be able to buffer individual species from climate impacts, there is not sufficient evidence to support the idea that MPAs can mitigate large-scale changes in marine communities in response to MHWs. California experienced an intense MHW and subsequent El Niño Southern Oscillation event from 2014 to 2016. We sought to examine changes in rocky reef fish communities at four MPAs and associated reference sites in relation to the MHW. We observed a decline in taxonomic diversity and a profound shift in trophic diversity inside and outside MPAs following the MHW. However, MPAs seemed to dampen the loss of trophic diversity and in the four years following the MHW, taxonomic diversity recovered 75% faster in the MPAs compared to reference sites. Our results suggest that MPAs may contribute to long-term resilience of nearshore fish communities through both resistance to change and recovery from warming events. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9876911/ /pubmed/36697490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28507-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Ziegler, Shelby L.
Johnson, Jasmin M.
Brooks, Rachel O.
Johnston, Erin M.
Mohay, Jacklyn L.
Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.
Starr, Richard M.
Waltz, Grant T.
Wendt, Dean E.
Hamilton, Scott L.
Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities
title Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities
title_full Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities
title_fullStr Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities
title_full_unstemmed Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities
title_short Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities
title_sort marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876911/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36697490
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28507-1
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