Effect of progressive muscle relaxation as an add-on to pulmonary telerehabilitation in discharged patients with COVID-19: A randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: and purpose: Most patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience persistent physical and psychological symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pulmonary telerehabilitation (PTR) combined with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on the physical and psychological outcomes of discharged patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomised, assessor-blinded, parallel-group study was conducted in hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences between May and October 2021. Discharged COVID-19 patients aged 18–65 years were randomly assigned to two groups of 26 patients each. The experimental group underwent PTR and PMR for six weeks, while the comparison group received PTR alone. Primary (functional capacity) and secondary (dyspnoea, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep quality, and quality of life) outcomes were evaluated at baseline and after six weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher sleep quality (P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–4.09) and significantly lower fatigue (P = 0.041, 95% CI: 4.79–5.25) and anxiety (P = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.21–4.47) than the comparison group. No between-group differences were observed in terms of other outcomes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: PTR coupled with PMR was more effective for promoting sleep quality and alleviating anxiety and fatigue than PTR alone.