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Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern that is promoted by obesity and associated liver complications. Onset and progression of HCC in obesity is a multifactorial process involving complex interactions between the metabolic and immune system, in which chronic liver damage re...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877434/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36712976 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1089124 |
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author | Akl, May G. Widenmaier, Scott B. |
author_facet | Akl, May G. Widenmaier, Scott B. |
author_sort | Akl, May G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern that is promoted by obesity and associated liver complications. Onset and progression of HCC in obesity is a multifactorial process involving complex interactions between the metabolic and immune system, in which chronic liver damage resulting from metabolic and inflammatory insults trigger carcinogenesis-promoting gene mutations and tumor metabolism. Moreover, cell growth and proliferation of the cancerous cell, after initiation, requires interactions between various immunological and metabolic pathways that provide stress defense of the cancer cell as well as strategic cell death escape mechanisms. The heterogenic nature of HCC in addition to the various metabolic risk factors underlying HCC development have led researchers to focus on examining metabolic pathways that may contribute to HCC development. In obesity-linked HCC, oncogene-induced modifications and metabolic pathways have been identified to support anabolic demands of the growing HCC cells and combat the concomitant cell stress, coinciding with altered utilization of signaling pathways and metabolic fuels involved in glucose metabolism, macromolecule synthesis, stress defense, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we discuss metabolic insults that can underlie the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis and from steatohepatitis to HCC as well as aberrantly regulated immunometabolic pathways that enable cancer cells to survive and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic modalities targeted at HCC prevention and regression. A full understanding of HCC-associated immunometabolic changes in obesity may contribute to clinical treatments that effectively target cancer metabolism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9877434 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98774342023-01-27 Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma Akl, May G. Widenmaier, Scott B. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern that is promoted by obesity and associated liver complications. Onset and progression of HCC in obesity is a multifactorial process involving complex interactions between the metabolic and immune system, in which chronic liver damage resulting from metabolic and inflammatory insults trigger carcinogenesis-promoting gene mutations and tumor metabolism. Moreover, cell growth and proliferation of the cancerous cell, after initiation, requires interactions between various immunological and metabolic pathways that provide stress defense of the cancer cell as well as strategic cell death escape mechanisms. The heterogenic nature of HCC in addition to the various metabolic risk factors underlying HCC development have led researchers to focus on examining metabolic pathways that may contribute to HCC development. In obesity-linked HCC, oncogene-induced modifications and metabolic pathways have been identified to support anabolic demands of the growing HCC cells and combat the concomitant cell stress, coinciding with altered utilization of signaling pathways and metabolic fuels involved in glucose metabolism, macromolecule synthesis, stress defense, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we discuss metabolic insults that can underlie the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis and from steatohepatitis to HCC as well as aberrantly regulated immunometabolic pathways that enable cancer cells to survive and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic modalities targeted at HCC prevention and regression. A full understanding of HCC-associated immunometabolic changes in obesity may contribute to clinical treatments that effectively target cancer metabolism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9877434/ /pubmed/36712976 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1089124 Text en Copyright © 2023 Akl and Widenmaier. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Akl, May G. Widenmaier, Scott B. Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma |
title | Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_full | Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_fullStr | Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_short | Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_sort | immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877434/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36712976 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.1089124 |
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