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Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet

The realization of the liquid metal heartbeat effect shows better controllability under non-periodic stimuli than spontaneous oscillation or periodic stimuli. However, adjusting the liquid metal heartbeat performance, drop spreading area, and frequency, solely by the magnitude of the voltage, has gr...

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Autores principales: Wang, Shutong, Zhang, Yue, Wang, Jiuyang, Ren, Dongmei, Yu, Zhenwei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877452/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714632
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094482
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author Wang, Shutong
Zhang, Yue
Wang, Jiuyang
Ren, Dongmei
Yu, Zhenwei
author_facet Wang, Shutong
Zhang, Yue
Wang, Jiuyang
Ren, Dongmei
Yu, Zhenwei
author_sort Wang, Shutong
collection PubMed
description The realization of the liquid metal heartbeat effect shows better controllability under non-periodic stimuli than spontaneous oscillation or periodic stimuli. However, adjusting the liquid metal heartbeat performance, drop spreading area, and frequency, solely by the magnitude of the voltage, has great limitations. Here, we demonstrate that the eGaIn drop can beat inside graphite ring electrodes under DC voltage in alkaline solutions on ratchet substrates. These sawtooth structures provide asymmetric textures which influence liquid metal deformation during the beating of the heart. We achieved heartbeat frequencies from 2.7 to 4.8 Hz, a 100% increase in the tunable frequency range compared to that on a flat surface. The oxidative spreading of the eGaIn drop on the ratchet substrate shows that the drop penetrates into the grooves of the sawtooth structure. Moreover, we investigated the physical mechanisms affecting the eGaIn heartbeat frequency and the influence on the spreading area of the eGaIn drop at various sawtooth sizes and orientations. These findings not only enhance our understanding of droplet manipulation on sawtooth-structured surfaces but also facilitate the design of microfluidic pump systems.
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spelling pubmed-98774522023-01-27 Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet Wang, Shutong Zhang, Yue Wang, Jiuyang Ren, Dongmei Yu, Zhenwei Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology The realization of the liquid metal heartbeat effect shows better controllability under non-periodic stimuli than spontaneous oscillation or periodic stimuli. However, adjusting the liquid metal heartbeat performance, drop spreading area, and frequency, solely by the magnitude of the voltage, has great limitations. Here, we demonstrate that the eGaIn drop can beat inside graphite ring electrodes under DC voltage in alkaline solutions on ratchet substrates. These sawtooth structures provide asymmetric textures which influence liquid metal deformation during the beating of the heart. We achieved heartbeat frequencies from 2.7 to 4.8 Hz, a 100% increase in the tunable frequency range compared to that on a flat surface. The oxidative spreading of the eGaIn drop on the ratchet substrate shows that the drop penetrates into the grooves of the sawtooth structure. Moreover, we investigated the physical mechanisms affecting the eGaIn heartbeat frequency and the influence on the spreading area of the eGaIn drop at various sawtooth sizes and orientations. These findings not only enhance our understanding of droplet manipulation on sawtooth-structured surfaces but also facilitate the design of microfluidic pump systems. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9877452/ /pubmed/36714632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094482 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wang, Zhang, Wang, Ren and Yu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Wang, Shutong
Zhang, Yue
Wang, Jiuyang
Ren, Dongmei
Yu, Zhenwei
Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
title Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
title_full Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
title_fullStr Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
title_full_unstemmed Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
title_short Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
title_sort electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877452/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714632
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094482
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