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Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet
The realization of the liquid metal heartbeat effect shows better controllability under non-periodic stimuli than spontaneous oscillation or periodic stimuli. However, adjusting the liquid metal heartbeat performance, drop spreading area, and frequency, solely by the magnitude of the voltage, has gr...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877452/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094482 |
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author | Wang, Shutong Zhang, Yue Wang, Jiuyang Ren, Dongmei Yu, Zhenwei |
author_facet | Wang, Shutong Zhang, Yue Wang, Jiuyang Ren, Dongmei Yu, Zhenwei |
author_sort | Wang, Shutong |
collection | PubMed |
description | The realization of the liquid metal heartbeat effect shows better controllability under non-periodic stimuli than spontaneous oscillation or periodic stimuli. However, adjusting the liquid metal heartbeat performance, drop spreading area, and frequency, solely by the magnitude of the voltage, has great limitations. Here, we demonstrate that the eGaIn drop can beat inside graphite ring electrodes under DC voltage in alkaline solutions on ratchet substrates. These sawtooth structures provide asymmetric textures which influence liquid metal deformation during the beating of the heart. We achieved heartbeat frequencies from 2.7 to 4.8 Hz, a 100% increase in the tunable frequency range compared to that on a flat surface. The oxidative spreading of the eGaIn drop on the ratchet substrate shows that the drop penetrates into the grooves of the sawtooth structure. Moreover, we investigated the physical mechanisms affecting the eGaIn heartbeat frequency and the influence on the spreading area of the eGaIn drop at various sawtooth sizes and orientations. These findings not only enhance our understanding of droplet manipulation on sawtooth-structured surfaces but also facilitate the design of microfluidic pump systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9877452 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98774522023-01-27 Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet Wang, Shutong Zhang, Yue Wang, Jiuyang Ren, Dongmei Yu, Zhenwei Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology The realization of the liquid metal heartbeat effect shows better controllability under non-periodic stimuli than spontaneous oscillation or periodic stimuli. However, adjusting the liquid metal heartbeat performance, drop spreading area, and frequency, solely by the magnitude of the voltage, has great limitations. Here, we demonstrate that the eGaIn drop can beat inside graphite ring electrodes under DC voltage in alkaline solutions on ratchet substrates. These sawtooth structures provide asymmetric textures which influence liquid metal deformation during the beating of the heart. We achieved heartbeat frequencies from 2.7 to 4.8 Hz, a 100% increase in the tunable frequency range compared to that on a flat surface. The oxidative spreading of the eGaIn drop on the ratchet substrate shows that the drop penetrates into the grooves of the sawtooth structure. Moreover, we investigated the physical mechanisms affecting the eGaIn heartbeat frequency and the influence on the spreading area of the eGaIn drop at various sawtooth sizes and orientations. These findings not only enhance our understanding of droplet manipulation on sawtooth-structured surfaces but also facilitate the design of microfluidic pump systems. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9877452/ /pubmed/36714632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094482 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wang, Zhang, Wang, Ren and Yu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering and Biotechnology Wang, Shutong Zhang, Yue Wang, Jiuyang Ren, Dongmei Yu, Zhenwei Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet |
title | Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet |
title_full | Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet |
title_fullStr | Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet |
title_full_unstemmed | Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet |
title_short | Electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet |
title_sort | electrically driven heartbeat effect of gallium-based liquid metal on a ratchet |
topic | Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877452/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094482 |
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