Cargando…

Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions

INTRODUCTION: The Yoni task is a computerized tool assessing first-and second-order affective and cognitive Theory of Mind (ToM), accounting for the multidimensional and multi-level mentalizing features. The Italian Yoni task has been validated and standardized in its 98-item version, and a 48-item...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Isernia, Sara, Rossetto, Federica, Shamay-Tsoory, Simone, Marchetti, Antonella, Baglio, Francesca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877508/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36711213
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048599
_version_ 1784878381515407360
author Isernia, Sara
Rossetto, Federica
Shamay-Tsoory, Simone
Marchetti, Antonella
Baglio, Francesca
author_facet Isernia, Sara
Rossetto, Federica
Shamay-Tsoory, Simone
Marchetti, Antonella
Baglio, Francesca
author_sort Isernia, Sara
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The Yoni task is a computerized tool assessing first-and second-order affective and cognitive Theory of Mind (ToM), accounting for the multidimensional and multi-level mentalizing features. The Italian Yoni task has been validated and standardized in its 98-item version, and a 48-item short version has been proposed for a quick digital evaluation of ToM in clinical contexts. METHODS: The present study aimed to test the Yoni-48’s convergent validity, correlating the tool score with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (ET) and Gender Test (GT), its items discrimination ability through the Classical Test Theory, and Rash model, its reliability by evaluating the internal consistency (McDonald’s ω, Cronbach’s α, Guttman’s λ(2), and Guttman’s λ(6)) and Spearman-Brown ϱ(SP) split-half analysis, and to provide standardization and normative data in the Italian population. RESULTS: Results suggested a good convergent validity with a statistically significant association with ET (p < 0.001), while a null correlation was observed with GT (p = 0.947). The Classical Test Theory and Rash model confirmed a good discrimination ability of the Yoni-48’s second-order affective and cognitive ToM items, while weaker discrimination capacity was registered for the first-order ToM items. The inter-item reliability was optimal for clinical purposes (ω, α, λ(2), λ(6) ≥ 0.90). Also, the split-half reliability was high (Spearman-Brown ϱ(SP) = 0.90). For standardization, age and education were revealed as significant predictors of Yoni accuracy scores, except for the first-order ToM score. Instead, age was the only predictor of Yoni’s response speed score. The Italian normative data showed a high Yoni accuracy in healthy adults (mean accuracy = 0.85) and speed (mean response time = 0.92). Finally, both accuracy and response time level was balanced between the affective and cognitive components of ToM. DISCUSSION: This study supports the psychometric properties of the Yoni-48 and provides normative data for the Italian population. Further studies are needed to test the suitability of this short version for profiling the social cognition neurocognitive phenotype.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9877508
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-98775082023-01-27 Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions Isernia, Sara Rossetto, Federica Shamay-Tsoory, Simone Marchetti, Antonella Baglio, Francesca Front Aging Neurosci Aging Neuroscience INTRODUCTION: The Yoni task is a computerized tool assessing first-and second-order affective and cognitive Theory of Mind (ToM), accounting for the multidimensional and multi-level mentalizing features. The Italian Yoni task has been validated and standardized in its 98-item version, and a 48-item short version has been proposed for a quick digital evaluation of ToM in clinical contexts. METHODS: The present study aimed to test the Yoni-48’s convergent validity, correlating the tool score with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (ET) and Gender Test (GT), its items discrimination ability through the Classical Test Theory, and Rash model, its reliability by evaluating the internal consistency (McDonald’s ω, Cronbach’s α, Guttman’s λ(2), and Guttman’s λ(6)) and Spearman-Brown ϱ(SP) split-half analysis, and to provide standardization and normative data in the Italian population. RESULTS: Results suggested a good convergent validity with a statistically significant association with ET (p < 0.001), while a null correlation was observed with GT (p = 0.947). The Classical Test Theory and Rash model confirmed a good discrimination ability of the Yoni-48’s second-order affective and cognitive ToM items, while weaker discrimination capacity was registered for the first-order ToM items. The inter-item reliability was optimal for clinical purposes (ω, α, λ(2), λ(6) ≥ 0.90). Also, the split-half reliability was high (Spearman-Brown ϱ(SP) = 0.90). For standardization, age and education were revealed as significant predictors of Yoni accuracy scores, except for the first-order ToM score. Instead, age was the only predictor of Yoni’s response speed score. The Italian normative data showed a high Yoni accuracy in healthy adults (mean accuracy = 0.85) and speed (mean response time = 0.92). Finally, both accuracy and response time level was balanced between the affective and cognitive components of ToM. DISCUSSION: This study supports the psychometric properties of the Yoni-48 and provides normative data for the Italian population. Further studies are needed to test the suitability of this short version for profiling the social cognition neurocognitive phenotype. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9877508/ /pubmed/36711213 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048599 Text en Copyright © 2023 Isernia, Rossetto, Shamay-Tsoory, Marchetti and Baglio. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Aging Neuroscience
Isernia, Sara
Rossetto, Federica
Shamay-Tsoory, Simone
Marchetti, Antonella
Baglio, Francesca
Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions
title Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions
title_full Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions
title_fullStr Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions
title_full_unstemmed Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions
title_short Standardization and normative data of the 48-item Yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions
title_sort standardization and normative data of the 48-item yoni short version for the assessment of theory of mind in typical and atypical conditions
topic Aging Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877508/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36711213
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048599
work_keys_str_mv AT iserniasara standardizationandnormativedataofthe48itemyonishortversionfortheassessmentoftheoryofmindintypicalandatypicalconditions
AT rossettofederica standardizationandnormativedataofthe48itemyonishortversionfortheassessmentoftheoryofmindintypicalandatypicalconditions
AT shamaytsoorysimone standardizationandnormativedataofthe48itemyonishortversionfortheassessmentoftheoryofmindintypicalandatypicalconditions
AT marchettiantonella standardizationandnormativedataofthe48itemyonishortversionfortheassessmentoftheoryofmindintypicalandatypicalconditions
AT bagliofrancesca standardizationandnormativedataofthe48itemyonishortversionfortheassessmentoftheoryofmindintypicalandatypicalconditions