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Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition
Members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) induce flowering by associating with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD and forming regulatory complexes in angiosperm species. However, the molecular mechanism of the FT–FD het...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9878124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1091563 |
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author | Lee, Areum Jung, Haemyeong Park, Hyun Ji Jo, Seung Hee Jung, Min Kim, Youn-Sung Cho, Hye Sun |
author_facet | Lee, Areum Jung, Haemyeong Park, Hyun Ji Jo, Seung Hee Jung, Min Kim, Youn-Sung Cho, Hye Sun |
author_sort | Lee, Areum |
collection | PubMed |
description | Members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) induce flowering by associating with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD and forming regulatory complexes in angiosperm species. However, the molecular mechanism of the FT–FD heterocomplex in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is unknown. In this study, we identified 12 BrPEBP genes and focused our functional analysis on four BrFT-like genes by overexpressing them individually in an FT loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. We determined that BrFT1 and BrFT2 promote flowering by upregulating the expression of floral meristem identity genes, whereas BrTSF and BrBFT, although close in sequence to their Arabidopsis counterparts, had no clear effect on flowering in either long- or short-day photoperiods. We also simultaneously genetically inactivated BrFT1 and BrFT2 in Chinese cabbage using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, which revealed that BrFT1 and BrFT2 may play key roles in inflorescence organogenesis as well as in the transition to flowering. We show that BrFT-like proteins, except for BrTSF, are functionally divided into FD interactors and non-interactors based on the presence of three specific amino acids in their C termini, as evidenced by the observed interconversion when these amino acids are mutated. Overall, this study reveals that although BrFT-like homologs are conserved, they may have evolved to exert functionally diverse functions in flowering via their potential to be associated with FD or independently from FD in Brassica rapa. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9878124 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98781242023-01-27 Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition Lee, Areum Jung, Haemyeong Park, Hyun Ji Jo, Seung Hee Jung, Min Kim, Youn-Sung Cho, Hye Sun Front Plant Sci Plant Science Members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) induce flowering by associating with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD and forming regulatory complexes in angiosperm species. However, the molecular mechanism of the FT–FD heterocomplex in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is unknown. In this study, we identified 12 BrPEBP genes and focused our functional analysis on four BrFT-like genes by overexpressing them individually in an FT loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. We determined that BrFT1 and BrFT2 promote flowering by upregulating the expression of floral meristem identity genes, whereas BrTSF and BrBFT, although close in sequence to their Arabidopsis counterparts, had no clear effect on flowering in either long- or short-day photoperiods. We also simultaneously genetically inactivated BrFT1 and BrFT2 in Chinese cabbage using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, which revealed that BrFT1 and BrFT2 may play key roles in inflorescence organogenesis as well as in the transition to flowering. We show that BrFT-like proteins, except for BrTSF, are functionally divided into FD interactors and non-interactors based on the presence of three specific amino acids in their C termini, as evidenced by the observed interconversion when these amino acids are mutated. Overall, this study reveals that although BrFT-like homologs are conserved, they may have evolved to exert functionally diverse functions in flowering via their potential to be associated with FD or independently from FD in Brassica rapa. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9878124/ /pubmed/36714709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1091563 Text en Copyright © 2023 Lee, Jung, Park, Jo, Jung, Kim and Cho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Lee, Areum Jung, Haemyeong Park, Hyun Ji Jo, Seung Hee Jung, Min Kim, Youn-Sung Cho, Hye Sun Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition |
title | Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition |
title_full | Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition |
title_fullStr | Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition |
title_full_unstemmed | Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition |
title_short | Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition |
title_sort | their c-termini divide brassica rapa ft-like proteins into fd-interacting and fd-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9878124/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1091563 |
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