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Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment

Water shortage and wastage are critical challenges to sustainable agricultural development, especially in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Isatis indigotica (woad), as a traditional Chinese herb, was planted in a large area in a cold and arid environment of Hexi. Regulated deficit irrigation can...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Chenli, Yu, Shouchao, Zhang, Hengjia, Li, Fuqiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9878612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714710
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1094158
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author Zhou, Chenli
Yu, Shouchao
Zhang, Hengjia
Li, Fuqiang
author_facet Zhou, Chenli
Yu, Shouchao
Zhang, Hengjia
Li, Fuqiang
author_sort Zhou, Chenli
collection PubMed
description Water shortage and wastage are critical challenges to sustainable agricultural development, especially in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Isatis indigotica (woad), as a traditional Chinese herb, was planted in a large area in a cold and arid environment of Hexi. Regulated deficit irrigation can reduce the growth of some vegetative organs by changing the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products in crops, thus increasing the economic yield of crops. In agricultural production, crop productivity may be improved by mulched drip irrigation and deficit irrigation. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of photosynthesis, malondialdehyde, osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the yield of woad to water deficit at different growth stages. The growth stage of woad was divided in four stages: seedling, vegetative growth, fleshy root growth, and fleshy root maturity. During vegetative growth, fleshy root growth, and fleshy root maturity, three water gradients were set for plants with mild (65–75% in field water capacity, FC), moderate (55–65% in FC), and severe (45–55% in FC) deficits, respectively. In contrast, an adequate water supply (75–85% in FC) during the growth period was designed as the control (CK). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of woad significantly decreased (P< 0.05) by moderate and severe water deficits. Still, rehydration after the water deficit could produce a noticeable compensation effect. In contrast, malondialdehyde and proline accumulation significantly increased under moderate and severe water deficits. At the same time, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase all had high activities (increased significantly by 19.87–39.28%, 19.91–34.26%, and 10.63–16.13% compared with CK, respectively), but yields were substantially lower, compared to CK. Additionally, the net photosynthetic rate was negatively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity. The economic yield of plants subjected to continuous mild water deficit during both vegetative and fleshy root growth was not significantly different from that in CK. Still, the water use efficiency improved significantly. Therefore, the continuous mild water deficit during vegetative and fleshy root growth could improve the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the plant, representing an optimal irrigation strategy for woad in cold and arid areas.
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spelling pubmed-98786122023-01-27 Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment Zhou, Chenli Yu, Shouchao Zhang, Hengjia Li, Fuqiang Front Plant Sci Plant Science Water shortage and wastage are critical challenges to sustainable agricultural development, especially in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Isatis indigotica (woad), as a traditional Chinese herb, was planted in a large area in a cold and arid environment of Hexi. Regulated deficit irrigation can reduce the growth of some vegetative organs by changing the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products in crops, thus increasing the economic yield of crops. In agricultural production, crop productivity may be improved by mulched drip irrigation and deficit irrigation. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of photosynthesis, malondialdehyde, osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the yield of woad to water deficit at different growth stages. The growth stage of woad was divided in four stages: seedling, vegetative growth, fleshy root growth, and fleshy root maturity. During vegetative growth, fleshy root growth, and fleshy root maturity, three water gradients were set for plants with mild (65–75% in field water capacity, FC), moderate (55–65% in FC), and severe (45–55% in FC) deficits, respectively. In contrast, an adequate water supply (75–85% in FC) during the growth period was designed as the control (CK). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of woad significantly decreased (P< 0.05) by moderate and severe water deficits. Still, rehydration after the water deficit could produce a noticeable compensation effect. In contrast, malondialdehyde and proline accumulation significantly increased under moderate and severe water deficits. At the same time, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase all had high activities (increased significantly by 19.87–39.28%, 19.91–34.26%, and 10.63–16.13% compared with CK, respectively), but yields were substantially lower, compared to CK. Additionally, the net photosynthetic rate was negatively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity. The economic yield of plants subjected to continuous mild water deficit during both vegetative and fleshy root growth was not significantly different from that in CK. Still, the water use efficiency improved significantly. Therefore, the continuous mild water deficit during vegetative and fleshy root growth could improve the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the plant, representing an optimal irrigation strategy for woad in cold and arid areas. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9878612/ /pubmed/36714710 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1094158 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Yu, Zhang and Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Zhou, Chenli
Yu, Shouchao
Zhang, Hengjia
Li, Fuqiang
Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment
title Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment
title_full Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment
title_fullStr Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment
title_full_unstemmed Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment
title_short Physiological and biochemical responses of Isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment
title_sort physiological and biochemical responses of isatis indigotica to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9878612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714710
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1094158
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