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Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Although commensal Neisseria species inhabiting mucosal surfaces in the upper respiratory tract (URT) are rarely associated with infections, their presence in the area has been linked to the development of immunity against N. meningitidis and the source of antibiotic resistance determina...

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Autores principales: Belachew, Teshome, Assefa, Muluneh, Tefera, Zelalem, Fenta, Andualem, Biset, Sirak
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879043/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714354
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S395343
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author Belachew, Teshome
Assefa, Muluneh
Tefera, Zelalem
Fenta, Andualem
Biset, Sirak
author_facet Belachew, Teshome
Assefa, Muluneh
Tefera, Zelalem
Fenta, Andualem
Biset, Sirak
author_sort Belachew, Teshome
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Although commensal Neisseria species inhabiting mucosal surfaces in the upper respiratory tract (URT) are rarely associated with infections, their presence in the area has been linked to the development of immunity against N. meningitidis and the source of antibiotic resistance determinants in pathogenic species. M. catarrhalis in the oropharynx of children is also a predisposing factor for otitis media. As a result, determining the oropharyngeal carriage rate of these commensal species and associated factors among healthy schoolchildren is substantial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, from January to April 2019. A multi-stage and simple random sampling technique were used to select schools and participants, respectively. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using cotton swabs. Modified Thayer-Martin media was used for primary bacterial isolation, and battery of biochemical tests was performed to identify species. For frequencies, descriptive statistics were computed and the logistic regression model was used to see the relationship between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: A total of 524 healthy schoolchildren with a mean age of 12.2 ± 2.74 years participated in this study. The overall oropharyngeal carriage rate was 21.8% (114/524). Of these, N. meningitidis, N. lactamica, N. sicca, and M. catarrhalis were identified in 53 (46.5%), 14 (12.3%), 11 (9.6%), and 36 (31.6%) children, respectively. The culture positivity rate was higher at a younger age, which was 8.1%, 11.3%, and 14.9% in ages between 15–18, 11–14, and 7–10, respectively. The oropharyngeal carriage was significantly associated with the number of students per class (>40). CONCLUSION: There is a higher proportion of carriers of commensal N. lactamica and M. catarrhalis in Gondar town schoolchildren. The oropharyngeal carriage rate was associated with a crowded classroom. The characterization of non-pathogenic Neisseria species and M. catarrhalis in the study area can support the diagnosis of patients suspected of having N. meningitis infections.
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spelling pubmed-98790432023-01-27 Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia Belachew, Teshome Assefa, Muluneh Tefera, Zelalem Fenta, Andualem Biset, Sirak Infect Drug Resist Original Research BACKGROUND: Although commensal Neisseria species inhabiting mucosal surfaces in the upper respiratory tract (URT) are rarely associated with infections, their presence in the area has been linked to the development of immunity against N. meningitidis and the source of antibiotic resistance determinants in pathogenic species. M. catarrhalis in the oropharynx of children is also a predisposing factor for otitis media. As a result, determining the oropharyngeal carriage rate of these commensal species and associated factors among healthy schoolchildren is substantial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, from January to April 2019. A multi-stage and simple random sampling technique were used to select schools and participants, respectively. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using cotton swabs. Modified Thayer-Martin media was used for primary bacterial isolation, and battery of biochemical tests was performed to identify species. For frequencies, descriptive statistics were computed and the logistic regression model was used to see the relationship between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: A total of 524 healthy schoolchildren with a mean age of 12.2 ± 2.74 years participated in this study. The overall oropharyngeal carriage rate was 21.8% (114/524). Of these, N. meningitidis, N. lactamica, N. sicca, and M. catarrhalis were identified in 53 (46.5%), 14 (12.3%), 11 (9.6%), and 36 (31.6%) children, respectively. The culture positivity rate was higher at a younger age, which was 8.1%, 11.3%, and 14.9% in ages between 15–18, 11–14, and 7–10, respectively. The oropharyngeal carriage was significantly associated with the number of students per class (>40). CONCLUSION: There is a higher proportion of carriers of commensal N. lactamica and M. catarrhalis in Gondar town schoolchildren. The oropharyngeal carriage rate was associated with a crowded classroom. The characterization of non-pathogenic Neisseria species and M. catarrhalis in the study area can support the diagnosis of patients suspected of having N. meningitis infections. Dove 2023-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9879043/ /pubmed/36714354 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S395343 Text en © 2023 Belachew et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Belachew, Teshome
Assefa, Muluneh
Tefera, Zelalem
Fenta, Andualem
Biset, Sirak
Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
title Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
title_full Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
title_fullStr Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
title_short Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
title_sort colonization rate and associated factors of non-pathogenic neisseria species, and moraxella catarrhalis among healthy school children in gondar, northwest ethiopia
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879043/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36714354
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S395343
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