Are Trace Element Concentrations in Lung Cancer Tissue Associated with Metastasis?

OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Many exogenous and endogenous factors are associated with the development and progression of this cancer. Among these factors are trace elements, which have many biological functions despite their low concentrations in the body and may disrupt cellular functions and contribute to tumorigenesis when present in excessive or insufficient quantities. In this study, we performed elemental analysis of lung cancer tissues to evaluate the role of trace element concentrations in the formation of metastasis in lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung cancer tissue specimens were collected from 65 patients with different cancer stages and histological subtypes for elemental analysis. After the tissues were embedded in paraffin blocks and prepared, the concentrations of 19 elements were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). All of the patients included in the study underwent diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in our center between 2015 and 2020. RESULTS: Comparison of trace element concentrations in three different lung cancer subtypes according to cancer stage showed that lead (Pb) and aluminum (Al) concentrations increased significantly as cancer stage advanced (P < .0001 for both). Trace element concentrations did not differ significantly based on patient sex or age. CONCLUSION: Lead and aluminum concentrations in the tissues of lung cancer patients may contribute to the formation of metastases, which have a major impact on the prognosis of lung cancer.