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Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the distribution of ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), in foals under varying clinical conditions of sedation, postural changes, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). To support the interpretation of EIT variables, specifi...

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Autores principales: Sacks, Muriel, Raidal, Sharanne, Catanchin, Chee Sum Melanie, Hosgood, Giselle, Mosing, Martina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9880457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36713868
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1075791
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author Sacks, Muriel
Raidal, Sharanne
Catanchin, Chee Sum Melanie
Hosgood, Giselle
Mosing, Martina
author_facet Sacks, Muriel
Raidal, Sharanne
Catanchin, Chee Sum Melanie
Hosgood, Giselle
Mosing, Martina
author_sort Sacks, Muriel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the distribution of ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), in foals under varying clinical conditions of sedation, postural changes, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). To support the interpretation of EIT variables, specific spirometry data and F-shunt calculation were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six healthy Thoroughbred foals were recruited for this sequential experimental study. EIT and spirometry data was recorded: (1) before and after diazepam-sedation, (2) after moving from standing to right lateral recumbency, (3) in dorsal recumbency during no CPAP (CPAP(0)) and increasing levels of CPAP of 4, 7, and 10 cmH(2)O (CPAP(4), (7), (10), respectively). Ventral to dorsal (COV(VD)) and right to left (COV(RL)) center of ventilation, silent spaces, tidal impedance variation, regional ventilation distribution variables and right to left lung ventilation ratio (R:L) were extracted. Minute ventilation was calculated from tidal volume (V(T)) and respiratory rate. F-Shunt was calculated from results of arterial blood gas analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models (significance determined at p < 0.05). RESULTS: (1) Respiratory rate was lower after sedation (p = 0.0004). (2) In right lateral recumbency (compared to standing), the COV(VD) (p = 0.0012), COV(RL) (p = 0.0057), left centro-dorsal (p = 0.0071) and dorsal (p < 0.0001) regional ventilation were higher, while the right ventral (p = 0.0016) and dorsal (p = 0.0145) regional ventilation, and R:L (p = 0.0017) were lower. (3) Data of two foals for CPAP(10) was excluded from statistical analysis due to prolonged apnea. Stepwise increase of CPAP led to increases of COV(VD) (p = 0.0028) and V(T) (p = 0.0011). A reduction of respiratory rate was detected with increasing CPAP levels (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) In healthy foals, diazepam administration did not alter distribution of ventilation or minute ventilation, (2) lateral recumbency results in collapse of dependent areas of the lung, and (3) the use of CPAP in dorsal recumbency at increasing pressures improves ventilation in dependent regions, suggesting improvement of ventilation-perfusion mismatch.
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spelling pubmed-98804572023-01-28 Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals Sacks, Muriel Raidal, Sharanne Catanchin, Chee Sum Melanie Hosgood, Giselle Mosing, Martina Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the distribution of ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), in foals under varying clinical conditions of sedation, postural changes, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). To support the interpretation of EIT variables, specific spirometry data and F-shunt calculation were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six healthy Thoroughbred foals were recruited for this sequential experimental study. EIT and spirometry data was recorded: (1) before and after diazepam-sedation, (2) after moving from standing to right lateral recumbency, (3) in dorsal recumbency during no CPAP (CPAP(0)) and increasing levels of CPAP of 4, 7, and 10 cmH(2)O (CPAP(4), (7), (10), respectively). Ventral to dorsal (COV(VD)) and right to left (COV(RL)) center of ventilation, silent spaces, tidal impedance variation, regional ventilation distribution variables and right to left lung ventilation ratio (R:L) were extracted. Minute ventilation was calculated from tidal volume (V(T)) and respiratory rate. F-Shunt was calculated from results of arterial blood gas analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models (significance determined at p < 0.05). RESULTS: (1) Respiratory rate was lower after sedation (p = 0.0004). (2) In right lateral recumbency (compared to standing), the COV(VD) (p = 0.0012), COV(RL) (p = 0.0057), left centro-dorsal (p = 0.0071) and dorsal (p < 0.0001) regional ventilation were higher, while the right ventral (p = 0.0016) and dorsal (p = 0.0145) regional ventilation, and R:L (p = 0.0017) were lower. (3) Data of two foals for CPAP(10) was excluded from statistical analysis due to prolonged apnea. Stepwise increase of CPAP led to increases of COV(VD) (p = 0.0028) and V(T) (p = 0.0011). A reduction of respiratory rate was detected with increasing CPAP levels (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) In healthy foals, diazepam administration did not alter distribution of ventilation or minute ventilation, (2) lateral recumbency results in collapse of dependent areas of the lung, and (3) the use of CPAP in dorsal recumbency at increasing pressures improves ventilation in dependent regions, suggesting improvement of ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9880457/ /pubmed/36713868 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1075791 Text en Copyright © 2023 Sacks, Raidal, Catanchin, Hosgood and Mosing. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Sacks, Muriel
Raidal, Sharanne
Catanchin, Chee Sum Melanie
Hosgood, Giselle
Mosing, Martina
Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals
title Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals
title_full Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals
title_fullStr Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals
title_full_unstemmed Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals
title_short Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals
title_sort impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9880457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36713868
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1075791
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