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Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis

BACKGROUND: Intestinal inflammation and periodontitis influence the development of each other through the bidirectional relationship. As the intestinal microbiome metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) could contribute to chronic inflammation in the gut by influencing the gut microbial compositio...

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Autores principales: Wang, Qiqi, Sun, Yue, Zhou, Tianyu, Jiang, Cong, A, Lan, Xu, Wenzhou
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9880481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36710972
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1125463
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author Wang, Qiqi
Sun, Yue
Zhou, Tianyu
Jiang, Cong
A, Lan
Xu, Wenzhou
author_facet Wang, Qiqi
Sun, Yue
Zhou, Tianyu
Jiang, Cong
A, Lan
Xu, Wenzhou
author_sort Wang, Qiqi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Intestinal inflammation and periodontitis influence the development of each other through the bidirectional relationship. As the intestinal microbiome metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) could contribute to chronic inflammation in the gut by influencing the gut microbial composition and intestinal immunity. Increased circulating TMAO levels often accompany clinical findings in patients with experimental periodontitis. However, the role of TMAO in the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis remains unclear. Thus, we explored whether TMAO influences the periodontitis process by affecting intestinal immunity and microbial composition in this article. METHODS: Periodontitis was induced by unilateral ligation of the first molar in mice, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was used as an inhibitor to reduce TMAO circulating. Twenty-five BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five study sets (n = 5/group): no periodontitis with DMB (Control group), periodontitis (P) group, periodontitis with TMAO (P+TMAO) group, periodontitis with TMAO and DMB (P+TMAO+DMB) group, and periodontitis with DMB (P+DMB) group. The effect of TMAO was determined by assessing changes in intestinal histology, intestinal flora composition, periodontal tissue, and periodontal pro-inflammatory factors at ten days. RESULTS: The outcomes indicated a marked improvement in the intestinal inflammation severity, and intestinal flora diversity was reduced. Firmicutes number and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were improved in the P+TMAO group. In addition, the alveolar bone resorption and the degree of periodontal tissue inflammation were more severe in the P+TMAO group than in other groups. Immunohistochemistry showed higher levels of TGF-β and IL-1β expression in the periodontal tissues of P+TMAO. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that TMAO could influence periodontal immunity and promote periodontal inflammation by affecting the intestinal microenvironment, revealing TMAO may affect the development of periodontitis through the bidirectional relationship of the oral-gut axis.
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spelling pubmed-98804812023-01-28 Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis Wang, Qiqi Sun, Yue Zhou, Tianyu Jiang, Cong A, Lan Xu, Wenzhou Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology BACKGROUND: Intestinal inflammation and periodontitis influence the development of each other through the bidirectional relationship. As the intestinal microbiome metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) could contribute to chronic inflammation in the gut by influencing the gut microbial composition and intestinal immunity. Increased circulating TMAO levels often accompany clinical findings in patients with experimental periodontitis. However, the role of TMAO in the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis remains unclear. Thus, we explored whether TMAO influences the periodontitis process by affecting intestinal immunity and microbial composition in this article. METHODS: Periodontitis was induced by unilateral ligation of the first molar in mice, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was used as an inhibitor to reduce TMAO circulating. Twenty-five BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five study sets (n = 5/group): no periodontitis with DMB (Control group), periodontitis (P) group, periodontitis with TMAO (P+TMAO) group, periodontitis with TMAO and DMB (P+TMAO+DMB) group, and periodontitis with DMB (P+DMB) group. The effect of TMAO was determined by assessing changes in intestinal histology, intestinal flora composition, periodontal tissue, and periodontal pro-inflammatory factors at ten days. RESULTS: The outcomes indicated a marked improvement in the intestinal inflammation severity, and intestinal flora diversity was reduced. Firmicutes number and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were improved in the P+TMAO group. In addition, the alveolar bone resorption and the degree of periodontal tissue inflammation were more severe in the P+TMAO group than in other groups. Immunohistochemistry showed higher levels of TGF-β and IL-1β expression in the periodontal tissues of P+TMAO. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that TMAO could influence periodontal immunity and promote periodontal inflammation by affecting the intestinal microenvironment, revealing TMAO may affect the development of periodontitis through the bidirectional relationship of the oral-gut axis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9880481/ /pubmed/36710972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1125463 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wang, Sun, Zhou, Jiang, A and Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Wang, Qiqi
Sun, Yue
Zhou, Tianyu
Jiang, Cong
A, Lan
Xu, Wenzhou
Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis
title Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis
title_full Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis
title_fullStr Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis
title_full_unstemmed Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis
title_short Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis
title_sort gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide pathway contributes to the bidirectional relationship between intestinal inflammation and periodontitis
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9880481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36710972
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1125463
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