Stability and Strength of Monolayer Polymeric C(60)

[Image: see text] Two-dimensional fullerene networks have been synthesized in several forms, and it is unknown which monolayer form is stable under ambient conditions. Using first-principles calculations, I show that the believed stability of the quasi-tetragonal phases is challenged by mechanical, dynamic, or thermodynamic stability. For all temperatures, the quasi-hexagonal phase is thermodynamically the least stable. However, the relatively high dynamic and mechanical stabilities suggest that the quasi-hexagonal phase is intrinsically stronger than the other phases under various strains. The origin of the high stability and strength of the quasi-hexagonal phase can be attributed to the strong covalent C–C bonds that strongly hold the linked C(60) clusters together, enabling the closely packed hexagonal network. These results rationalize the experimental observations that so far only the quasi-hexagonal phase has been exfoliated experimentally as monolayers.