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Robust humoral and cellular recall responses to AZD1222 attenuate breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated

BACKGROUND: Breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinees typically produces milder disease than infection in unvaccinated individuals. METHODS: To explore disease attenuation, we examined COVID-19 symptom burden...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Maaske, Jill, Sproule, Stephanie, Falsey, Ann R., Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E., Luetkemeyer, Anne F., Paulsen, Grant C., Riddler, Sharon A., Robb, Merlin L., Rolle, Charlotte-Paige, Sha, Beverly E., Tong, Tina, Ahani, Bahar, Aksyuk, Anastasia A., Bansal, Himanshu, Egan, Timothy, Jepson, Brett, Padilla, Marcelino, Patel, Nirmeshkumar, Shoemaker, Kathryn, Stanley, Ann Marie, Swanson, Phillip A., Wilkins, Deidre, Villafana, Tonya, Green, Justin A., Kelly, Elizabeth J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9881590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36713413
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062067
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinees typically produces milder disease than infection in unvaccinated individuals. METHODS: To explore disease attenuation, we examined COVID-19 symptom burden and immuno-virologic responses to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in participants (AZD1222: n=177/17,617; placebo: n=203/8,528) from a 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of two-dose primary series AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination (NCT04516746). RESULTS: We observed that AZD1222 vaccinees had an overall lower incidence and shorter duration of COVID-19 symptoms compared with placebo recipients, as well as lower SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and a shorter median duration of viral shedding in saliva. Vaccinees demonstrated a robust antibody recall response versus placebo recipients with low-to-moderate inverse correlations with virologic endpoints. Vaccinees also demonstrated an enriched polyfunctional spike-specific Th-1-biased CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response that was associated with strong inverse correlations with virologic endpoints. CONCLUSION: Robust immune responses following AZD1222 vaccination attenuate COVID-19 disease severity and restrict SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential by reducing viral loads and the duration of viral shedding in saliva. Collectively, these analyses underscore the essential role of vaccination in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic.