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SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding
We describe the binding between the glycoprotein Spike of SARS-CoV-2 and the human host cell receptor ACE2 as a quantum circuit, comprising the one-qubit Hadamard quantum logic gate performing the quantum superposition of the S(1) subunit of the Spike protein, and the two-qubit quantum logic gate CN...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9882746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36743386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42484-023-00098-0 |
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author | Pregnolato, Massimo Zizzi, Paola |
author_facet | Pregnolato, Massimo Zizzi, Paola |
author_sort | Pregnolato, Massimo |
collection | PubMed |
description | We describe the binding between the glycoprotein Spike of SARS-CoV-2 and the human host cell receptor ACE2 as a quantum circuit, comprising the one-qubit Hadamard quantum logic gate performing the quantum superposition of the S(1) subunit of the Spike protein, and the two-qubit quantum logic gate CNOT, which performs maximum entanglement between the Spike-qubit S(1) and the ACE2 receptor protein. Also, we consider two strategies to prevent the binding process between the Spike-qubit S(1) and the ACE2 receptor. The first one is the use of competitive peptidomimetic inhibitors that can selectively bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein with much higher affinity than the cell surface receptor itself. These inhibitors are targeted to the CNOT quantum logic gate and will get maximally entangled with the S(1) qubit in place of the natural ACE2 receptor. The second one is to use covalent inhibitors, which will destroy S(1) by acting as a projective quantum measurement. Finally, the conjecture that S(1) is a quantum bio-robot is formulated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9882746 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98827462023-01-30 SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding Pregnolato, Massimo Zizzi, Paola Quantum Mach Intell Research Article We describe the binding between the glycoprotein Spike of SARS-CoV-2 and the human host cell receptor ACE2 as a quantum circuit, comprising the one-qubit Hadamard quantum logic gate performing the quantum superposition of the S(1) subunit of the Spike protein, and the two-qubit quantum logic gate CNOT, which performs maximum entanglement between the Spike-qubit S(1) and the ACE2 receptor protein. Also, we consider two strategies to prevent the binding process between the Spike-qubit S(1) and the ACE2 receptor. The first one is the use of competitive peptidomimetic inhibitors that can selectively bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein with much higher affinity than the cell surface receptor itself. These inhibitors are targeted to the CNOT quantum logic gate and will get maximally entangled with the S(1) qubit in place of the natural ACE2 receptor. The second one is to use covalent inhibitors, which will destroy S(1) by acting as a projective quantum measurement. Finally, the conjecture that S(1) is a quantum bio-robot is formulated. Springer International Publishing 2023-01-27 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9882746/ /pubmed/36743386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42484-023-00098-0 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Pregnolato, Massimo Zizzi, Paola SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding |
title | SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding |
title_full | SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding |
title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding |
title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding |
title_short | SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 entanglement-like binding |
title_sort | sars-cov-2 spike and ace2 entanglement-like binding |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9882746/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36743386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42484-023-00098-0 |
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