Cargando…

Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction

Network attacks using Command and Control (C&C) servers have increased significantly. To hide their C&C servers, attackers often use Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA), which automatically generate domain names for C&C servers. Researchers have constructed many unique feature sets and de...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sun, Xinjie, Liu, Zhifang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9882890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36706089
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279866
_version_ 1784879390834819072
author Sun, Xinjie
Liu, Zhifang
author_facet Sun, Xinjie
Liu, Zhifang
author_sort Sun, Xinjie
collection PubMed
description Network attacks using Command and Control (C&C) servers have increased significantly. To hide their C&C servers, attackers often use Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA), which automatically generate domain names for C&C servers. Researchers have constructed many unique feature sets and detected DGA domains through machine learning or deep learning models. However, due to the limited features contained in the domain name, the DGA detection results are limited. In order to overcome this problem, the domain name features, the Whois features and the N-gram features are extracted for DGA detection. To obtain the N-gram features, the domain name whitelist and blacklist substring feature sets are constructed. In addition, a deep learning model based on BiLSTM, Attention and CNN is constructed. Additionally, the Domain Center is constructed for fast classification of domain names. Multiple comparative experiment results prove that the proposed model not only gets the best Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1, but also greatly reduces the detection time.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9882890
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-98828902023-01-28 Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction Sun, Xinjie Liu, Zhifang PLoS One Research Article Network attacks using Command and Control (C&C) servers have increased significantly. To hide their C&C servers, attackers often use Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA), which automatically generate domain names for C&C servers. Researchers have constructed many unique feature sets and detected DGA domains through machine learning or deep learning models. However, due to the limited features contained in the domain name, the DGA detection results are limited. In order to overcome this problem, the domain name features, the Whois features and the N-gram features are extracted for DGA detection. To obtain the N-gram features, the domain name whitelist and blacklist substring feature sets are constructed. In addition, a deep learning model based on BiLSTM, Attention and CNN is constructed. Additionally, the Domain Center is constructed for fast classification of domain names. Multiple comparative experiment results prove that the proposed model not only gets the best Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1, but also greatly reduces the detection time. Public Library of Science 2023-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9882890/ /pubmed/36706089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279866 Text en © 2023 Sun, Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sun, Xinjie
Liu, Zhifang
Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction
title Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction
title_full Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction
title_fullStr Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction
title_full_unstemmed Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction
title_short Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction
title_sort domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and domain center construction
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9882890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36706089
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279866
work_keys_str_mv AT sunxinjie domaingenerationalgorithmsdetectionwithfeatureextractionanddomaincenterconstruction
AT liuzhifang domaingenerationalgorithmsdetectionwithfeatureextractionanddomaincenterconstruction