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Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task

Some studies have asked participants about attentional state on a scale from on-task to off-task, which set the middle option as attention focused on both, including the possibility of the coexistence of thoughts. In addition, studies using multidimensional probes explicitly assumed coexistence with...

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Autores principales: Shinagawa, Kazushi, Itagaki, Yu, Umeda, Satoshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36709372
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28690-1
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author Shinagawa, Kazushi
Itagaki, Yu
Umeda, Satoshi
author_facet Shinagawa, Kazushi
Itagaki, Yu
Umeda, Satoshi
author_sort Shinagawa, Kazushi
collection PubMed
description Some studies have asked participants about attentional state on a scale from on-task to off-task, which set the middle option as attention focused on both, including the possibility of the coexistence of thoughts. In addition, studies using multidimensional probes explicitly assumed coexistence within spontaneous thoughts and task-focus dimensions. Although several studies have assumed the coexistence of some thought dimensions, none has explored whether these are different types of thoughts (task-focus, mind-wandering, task-related, external stimuli-related). To examine whether this coexistence of thought types occurred, we used thought probes to determine the degree of immersion in each. The participants responded to probes presented at random during a sustained attention task. The results revealed a mixture of thought types in many self-reports. In addition, the state of attentional allocation behind self-reports was estimated using the hidden Markov model. We observed the following attentional states: task-focused, task-unrelated, task-related, external stimuli-focused, and task-focused—but also focused on other thoughts. These results suggest that individuals can simultaneously allocate attention to thought types and discriminate between reporting. In some cases, probe options should also be considered for this coexistence. We also examined the relationship between self-reports and behavioral indexes, and discussed the necessity of separately measuring the degree of immersion for each thought type.
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spelling pubmed-98841942023-01-30 Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task Shinagawa, Kazushi Itagaki, Yu Umeda, Satoshi Sci Rep Article Some studies have asked participants about attentional state on a scale from on-task to off-task, which set the middle option as attention focused on both, including the possibility of the coexistence of thoughts. In addition, studies using multidimensional probes explicitly assumed coexistence within spontaneous thoughts and task-focus dimensions. Although several studies have assumed the coexistence of some thought dimensions, none has explored whether these are different types of thoughts (task-focus, mind-wandering, task-related, external stimuli-related). To examine whether this coexistence of thought types occurred, we used thought probes to determine the degree of immersion in each. The participants responded to probes presented at random during a sustained attention task. The results revealed a mixture of thought types in many self-reports. In addition, the state of attentional allocation behind self-reports was estimated using the hidden Markov model. We observed the following attentional states: task-focused, task-unrelated, task-related, external stimuli-focused, and task-focused—but also focused on other thoughts. These results suggest that individuals can simultaneously allocate attention to thought types and discriminate between reporting. In some cases, probe options should also be considered for this coexistence. We also examined the relationship between self-reports and behavioral indexes, and discussed the necessity of separately measuring the degree of immersion for each thought type. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9884194/ /pubmed/36709372 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28690-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Shinagawa, Kazushi
Itagaki, Yu
Umeda, Satoshi
Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task
title Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task
title_full Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task
title_fullStr Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task
title_full_unstemmed Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task
title_short Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task
title_sort coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36709372
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28690-1
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