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Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata

Dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) is one of the main factors limiting benthic species distribution. Due to ocean warming and eutrophication, the ocean is deoxygenating. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), deep waters with low DO (<1 mg L(−1)) may reach coral reefs, because upwelling will lik...

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Autores principales: Castrillón-Cifuentes, Ana Lucia, Zapata, Fernando A., Giraldo, Alan, Wild, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36721774
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14586
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author Castrillón-Cifuentes, Ana Lucia
Zapata, Fernando A.
Giraldo, Alan
Wild, Christian
author_facet Castrillón-Cifuentes, Ana Lucia
Zapata, Fernando A.
Giraldo, Alan
Wild, Christian
author_sort Castrillón-Cifuentes, Ana Lucia
collection PubMed
description Dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) is one of the main factors limiting benthic species distribution. Due to ocean warming and eutrophication, the ocean is deoxygenating. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), deep waters with low DO (<1 mg L(−1)) may reach coral reefs, because upwelling will likely intensify due to climate change. To understand oxygen variability and its effects on corals, we characterize the Spatio-temporal changes of DO in coral reefs of Gorgona Island and calculate the critical oxygen tension (P(crit)) to identify the DO concentration that could represent a hypoxic condition for Pocillopora capitata, one of the main reef-building species in the ETP. The mean (±SD) DO concentration in the coral reefs of Gorgona Island was 4.6 ± 0.89 mg L(−1). Low DO conditions were due to upwelling, but hypoxia (<3.71 mg L(−1), defined as a DO value 1 SD lower than the Mean) down to 3.0 mg O(2) L(−1) sporadically occurred at 10 m depth. The P(crit) of P. capitata was 3.7 mg L(−1) and lies close to the hypoxic condition recorded on coral reefs during the upwelling season at 10 m depth. At Gorgona Island oxygen conditions lower than 2.3 mg L(−1) occur at >20 m depth and coincide with the deepest bathymetric distribution of scattered colonies of Pocillopora. Because DO concentrations in coral reefs of Gorgona Island were comparably low to other coral reefs in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and the hypoxic threshold of P. capitata was close to the minimum DO record on reefs, hypoxic events could represent a threat if conditions that promote eutrophication (and consequently hypoxia) increase.
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spelling pubmed-98844792023-01-30 Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata Castrillón-Cifuentes, Ana Lucia Zapata, Fernando A. Giraldo, Alan Wild, Christian PeerJ Ecology Dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) is one of the main factors limiting benthic species distribution. Due to ocean warming and eutrophication, the ocean is deoxygenating. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), deep waters with low DO (<1 mg L(−1)) may reach coral reefs, because upwelling will likely intensify due to climate change. To understand oxygen variability and its effects on corals, we characterize the Spatio-temporal changes of DO in coral reefs of Gorgona Island and calculate the critical oxygen tension (P(crit)) to identify the DO concentration that could represent a hypoxic condition for Pocillopora capitata, one of the main reef-building species in the ETP. The mean (±SD) DO concentration in the coral reefs of Gorgona Island was 4.6 ± 0.89 mg L(−1). Low DO conditions were due to upwelling, but hypoxia (<3.71 mg L(−1), defined as a DO value 1 SD lower than the Mean) down to 3.0 mg O(2) L(−1) sporadically occurred at 10 m depth. The P(crit) of P. capitata was 3.7 mg L(−1) and lies close to the hypoxic condition recorded on coral reefs during the upwelling season at 10 m depth. At Gorgona Island oxygen conditions lower than 2.3 mg L(−1) occur at >20 m depth and coincide with the deepest bathymetric distribution of scattered colonies of Pocillopora. Because DO concentrations in coral reefs of Gorgona Island were comparably low to other coral reefs in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and the hypoxic threshold of P. capitata was close to the minimum DO record on reefs, hypoxic events could represent a threat if conditions that promote eutrophication (and consequently hypoxia) increase. PeerJ Inc. 2023-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9884479/ /pubmed/36721774 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14586 Text en ©2023 Castrillon-Cifuentes et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Ecology
Castrillón-Cifuentes, Ana Lucia
Zapata, Fernando A.
Giraldo, Alan
Wild, Christian
Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata
title Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata
title_full Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata
title_short Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata
title_sort spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of gorgona island (eastern tropical pacific) and its effect on the coral pocillopora capitata
topic Ecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36721774
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14586
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