Cryopreserved Placental Membrane Allograft Reduces the Likelihood of Developing a New or Recurring Foot Ulcer and All-Cause Mortality in Diabetic Patients When Compared with Other Cellular- and Tissue-Based Products

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes for Medicare patients with diabetic foot ulcer(s) (DFU) receiving cryopreserved placental membrane containing viable cells (vCPM) to other Cellular- and Tissue-Based Products (CTPs). APPROACH: Patients with DFU and CTP use were selected in Medicare claims (2013–2017) by using a strict definition of DFU with demonstrated diabetes etiology. We compared the effectiveness of vCPM with other CTPs on: (1) reduction of post-treatment ulcer occurrence, and (2) reduction in 1 year mortality. We controlled for selection bias and differential risk characteristics between comparison groups in a two-stage inverse probability treatment weighting model. RESULTS: Overall, 7,869 DFU episodes with CTP use met inclusion criteria: 786 received vCPM, 4,546 received another “cellular” CTP, and 2,537 received “acellular” CTP. For ulcer occurrence, we examined: 30-, 90-, 180-, and 365 days post-treatment. We found a significant reduction in ulcers at each period for vCPM compared with either alternative CTP—results range from a 36.7% percentage point reduction in ulcer occurrence at 30 days compared with cellular CTP, and a 58.5% percentage point reduction at 365 days compared with acellular CTP. Further, the application of vCPM reduces mortality within 1 year by 2.3 percentage points (13–13.8% change) compared with other CTPs. INNOVATION: This study examines the differences in ulcer occurrence and mortality for Medicare DFU patients receiving vCPM and other CTPs. Our strict DFU definition excludes beneficiaries without foot ulcer with demonstrated diabetes etiology. CONCLUSION: Among CTPs, vCPM users have reduced ulcer rates (recurrent or new) and reduced all-cause mortality compared with other “cellular” and “acellular” CTPs.