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Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs
AIM: When a leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is severe enough, it can result in lumbar scoliosis and other postural defects. To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated associations between LLD and lumbar curvature using full-length standing radiographs of the lower limbs and lumbar spine. This study ai...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36756290 http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1566 |
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author | Hamada, Tomo Matsubara, Hidenori Kato, Satoshi Hikichi, Toshifumi Shimokawa, Kanu Demura, Satoru Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki |
author_facet | Hamada, Tomo Matsubara, Hidenori Kato, Satoshi Hikichi, Toshifumi Shimokawa, Kanu Demura, Satoru Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki |
author_sort | Hamada, Tomo |
collection | PubMed |
description | AIM: When a leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is severe enough, it can result in lumbar scoliosis and other postural defects. To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated associations between LLD and lumbar curvature using full-length standing radiographs of the lower limbs and lumbar spine. This study aimed to examine the correlations between LLD and lateral curvature of the lumbar spine using standing radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full-length standing radiographs of the lower limbs and spinal column of 113 participants (age range: 10–65 years) obtained between November 2006 and September 2019 were reviewed. Leg length was measured as the linear distance from the centre of the femoral head to the centre of the tibial plafond and converted to millimetres using a radiographic ruler captured in the images. Leg-length discrepancy was analysed as the absolute difference (mm) between the left and right leg lengths. Inequality was also evaluated as leg-length discrepancy ratio (LLDR), calculated as leg-length discrepancy/length of the unaffected (longer) leg × 100 (%). Lateral lumbar curvature was evaluated with the Cobb angle (°). The association between LLD or LLDR and lumbar Cobb angle was analysed by correlation analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by simple regression in SPSS. RESULTS: Both LLD and LLDR exhibited a robust and positive correlation with lumbar Cobb angle (γ = 0.53, γ = 0.62), as illustrated by the following regression equations: lumbar Cobb angle (°) = 0.316 × leg-length discrepancy (mm) + 2.83 and lumbar Cobb angle (°) = 2.19 × leg-length discrepancy ratio (%) + 3.0. CONCLUSION: Using objective imaging data, we found that the lumbar Cobb angle tends to be >10° if the difference in leg lengths is >20 mm. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Hamada T, Matsubara H, Kato S, et al. Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022;17(3):144–147. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9886032 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98860322023-02-07 Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs Hamada, Tomo Matsubara, Hidenori Kato, Satoshi Hikichi, Toshifumi Shimokawa, Kanu Demura, Satoru Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr Original Article AIM: When a leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is severe enough, it can result in lumbar scoliosis and other postural defects. To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated associations between LLD and lumbar curvature using full-length standing radiographs of the lower limbs and lumbar spine. This study aimed to examine the correlations between LLD and lateral curvature of the lumbar spine using standing radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full-length standing radiographs of the lower limbs and spinal column of 113 participants (age range: 10–65 years) obtained between November 2006 and September 2019 were reviewed. Leg length was measured as the linear distance from the centre of the femoral head to the centre of the tibial plafond and converted to millimetres using a radiographic ruler captured in the images. Leg-length discrepancy was analysed as the absolute difference (mm) between the left and right leg lengths. Inequality was also evaluated as leg-length discrepancy ratio (LLDR), calculated as leg-length discrepancy/length of the unaffected (longer) leg × 100 (%). Lateral lumbar curvature was evaluated with the Cobb angle (°). The association between LLD or LLDR and lumbar Cobb angle was analysed by correlation analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by simple regression in SPSS. RESULTS: Both LLD and LLDR exhibited a robust and positive correlation with lumbar Cobb angle (γ = 0.53, γ = 0.62), as illustrated by the following regression equations: lumbar Cobb angle (°) = 0.316 × leg-length discrepancy (mm) + 2.83 and lumbar Cobb angle (°) = 2.19 × leg-length discrepancy ratio (%) + 3.0. CONCLUSION: Using objective imaging data, we found that the lumbar Cobb angle tends to be >10° if the difference in leg lengths is >20 mm. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Hamada T, Matsubara H, Kato S, et al. Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022;17(3):144–147. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9886032/ /pubmed/36756290 http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1566 Text en Copyright © 2022; The Author(s). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/© The Author(s). 2022 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-share alike license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as original. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Hamada, Tomo Matsubara, Hidenori Kato, Satoshi Hikichi, Toshifumi Shimokawa, Kanu Demura, Satoru Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs |
title | Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs |
title_full | Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs |
title_fullStr | Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs |
title_short | Correlation Analysis between Leg-length Discrepancy and Lumbar Scoliosis Using Full-length Standing Radiographs |
title_sort | correlation analysis between leg-length discrepancy and lumbar scoliosis using full-length standing radiographs |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36756290 http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1566 |
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