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Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?

The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functio...

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Autores principales: Miri, Saba, Yeo, JuDong, Abubaker, Sarah, Hammami, Riadh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36733917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412
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author Miri, Saba
Yeo, JuDong
Abubaker, Sarah
Hammami, Riadh
author_facet Miri, Saba
Yeo, JuDong
Abubaker, Sarah
Hammami, Riadh
author_sort Miri, Saba
collection PubMed
description The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders.
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spelling pubmed-98866872023-02-01 Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? Miri, Saba Yeo, JuDong Abubaker, Sarah Hammami, Riadh Front Microbiol Microbiology The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9886687/ /pubmed/36733917 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412 Text en Copyright © 2023 Miri, Yeo, Abubaker and Hammami. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Miri, Saba
Yeo, JuDong
Abubaker, Sarah
Hammami, Riadh
Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_full Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_fullStr Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_full_unstemmed Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_short Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_sort neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36733917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412
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